Modernity: Introduction and Good, Bad of Modernity and Transformation of Social Culture
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Introduction
- 19th Century Europe
- New ideas and beliefs
- Change in culture and society
Phases:
- Renaissance
- French Revolution
- Industrial Revolution
To study these changes, Sociology as a discipline emerged.
- Inevitable
- Irreversible
- News ways of thinking, acting
- Shift from faith to logic and rationality
- Questioning of Theocratic rule
- Rise of printing press
- Liberal philosophy
Good and Bad of Modernity
- Man, as the center of the world
- Orthodoxy to Rationality
- New social order
- Participative
- Social reconstruction
Transformation of Social Culture
- Migration
- Class identity
- Division of class among class between those who developed and who did not
- Specialization
- Rise of new society
St. Simon
Ethical sociology
August Comte
- Metaphysical society (discards belief in a concrete God)
- Positivist
- Modernity is hope
- Once society is progressive. No coming back.
Durkheim
- Range from simple to complex society
- Collective consciousness
Marx
- Control of goods, surplus
- Dominance of one class
- Suffering of mass
- Inequality
- Revolution is the solution
Weber
- Historical process
- Protestant ethics
- Bureaucracy, Democracy, Education, Economy
- Institutions
Advantages
- Range of commodities
- Migration
- Employment
- Standard of living
- Unity of races, classes
Scenario Today
- Loss of ecosystem, environment
- Data theft, privacy invasion
- Market monopoly
- Consumerism
- Pseudo feeling of being modern
- Skepticism
MCQs
Q.1. Assertion (A) : The concept of ‘secularization’ as used in Indian Constitution implies that State does not provide patronage to any religion.
Reason (R) : Religion does not hold significance in modern society.
Codes:
(A) (A) is true and (R) is false and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) .
(B) (A) is false and (R) is true.
(C) (A) is true and (R) is false and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A) .
(D) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A) .
Answer: (C)
Q.2. Match an item in List-I with an item in List-II.
List – I (Books) | List – II (Thinkers) |
---|---|
a. Modernisation of Indian Tradition | 1. Y. Singh |
b. When a great Tradition Modernises | 2. M. Singer |
c. Caste in Modern India | 3. M. N. Srinivas |
d. Caste, Class and Power | 4. Andre Betille |
(A) 1 2 3 4
(B) 4 3 2 1
(C) 3 2 1 4
(D) 2 1 4 3
Answer: (A)
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✍ Manishika