B. R. Ambedkar: Introduction, Books, Broken Men Theory and MCQ
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Introduction
- 14 April 1891 – 6 December 1956
- Also known as Babasaheb Ambedkar
- Belonged to the Mahar caste (untouchable⟋Dalit castes in India)
- Chief Architect of Constitution of India
- Father of the Constitution
- Radical view of caste system
- Sub-altern approach
- Critical of inequality of the caste system
- Set up the Scheduled Caste Federation in 1942
- Called for annihilation of caste system
- Viewed caste system as dehumanized
- An unequal mode of organization of social relations
- Legislative and political measures
- Merit based equality
- No place for hereditary status
- Hindu division of society or Hindu social order according to Varnas
- Goes against Liberty, Equality and Fraternity
- Goes against free social order
Books
- Essays on Untouchables and Untouchability
- The Evolution of Provincial Finance in British India
- Who were the Shudras?
- The Untouchables Who Were They and Why They Became Untouchables?
- The Annihilation of Caste (1936)
- Christophe Jaffrelot – “Ambedkar and Untouchability,” 2004
4 tools adopted by Ambedkar:
- Respectable identity
- Electoral space
- Lifting the condition, participation
- Convert a mass outside Hinduism
Dhamma chakra Pravartana Day is a day to celebrate the Buddhist conversion of B. R. Ambedkar and around 600,000 followers on 14 October 1956 at Deekshabhoomi.
Broken Men Theory
- Defeated and weak lot in the society
- Refused to accept domination of Brahmins
- Brahmins branded broken men as untouchables
- deprived and excluded them from the society
- allowed them to settle on the outskirts
- Dalits of today are broken man of the past
- Law, political power
- Education
- Organisation
- Agitation
- Self-awakening
- Social and political awareness
- He proposed for abolition of religion
- Selection on the basis of merit not on caste
- Inter-caste marriages
- Endogamy lead to degradation and alienation of society
- Many provisions to uplift the conditions of scheduled castes in India in the constitution of India
- Reservation based positive discrimination
- Fundamental rights prohibiting untouchability
- Disassociation from dominant castes
- Disagreed from Gandhian view (utopian)
MCQ
Q.1. B. R. Ambedkar՚s work focuses on:
a) Cultural Diversity
b) Social Justice
c) Purity and Pollution
d) Freedom Movement
Ans: b
Q. 2. Who laid emphasis on horizontal mobilization of the scheduled castes and made them a political force to reckon with?
(a) M. K. Gandhi
(b) B. R. Ambedkar
(c) Jyotiba Phule
(d) Narayana Guru
Ans. (b)
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