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NCERT Class 6 History Chapter 10: Traders, Pilgrims & Kings
NCERT Class 6 History
Chapter 10: Traders, Kings and Pilgrims
- South India: Gold, spices, pepper, & precious stones
- Roman Empire: Pepper – black gold
- Muvendar (3 chiefs) – head of 3 families – Cholas, Cheras & Pandyas (2300 yrs ago) – each with 2 centers (1 inland & 1 port)
- Cholas Port - Puhar or Kaveripattinam
- Cholas Capital - Uraiyur
- Pandyas Capital – Madurai
- Pandyas Port – Korkai
- Cheras Capital – Vanji
- Cheras Port - Tondi & Musiri
Sangam Period
- No regular tax
- Tribute from neighboring area
- Kept some wealth & distributed rest
- Poems in praise of chief & were rewarded
Satavahanas
- In West India
- Ruler - Gautamiputra Shri Satakarni (about him from inscription by his mother - Gautami Balashri)
- Kings called as dakshinapatha (route leading to south)
- 1st ruler – Simuka
- Last ruler – Yajnasri Satakarni
Silk Route
Kushanas
- Best ruler of Silk Route period – 2000 yrs ago
- Peshawar and Mathura – center of power
- Taxila – included
- Branch extended till Indus R. – shipped west to Rome
- Earliest to issue gold coins – used for trade
- Major ruler – Kanishka (1900 yrs ago)
Buddhism
- Kanishka – Buddhists Council
- Ashvaghosha (poet) : Composed biography of Buddha (Buddhacharita) lived in his court – Wrote in Sanskrit
- Mahayana Buddhism – Statues of Buddha (Mathura, Taxila) – before it was signs like peepal tree.
- Bodhisattvas – Attain enlightment (isolation & meditate) rather remain in world & teach in C. Asia, Korea, Japan & China
- Spread to West & South – caves carved out – kings, queens and merchants
- Spread to Southeast – Myanmar, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Indonesia – Theravada Buddhism
Pilgrims
- Journey to holy places
- Fa Xian (1600 yrs ago) – Chinese Buddhist Pilgrims
- Xuan Zang (1400 yrs ago)
- I-Qing
Bhakti
- Word “Bhaj” meaning divide or share
- Devotee – Bhakta/Bhagvata shares bhaga (good fortune)
- Hinduism: Shiva, Vishnu & Durga
- Anybody – rich or poor, high or low caste, man or woman
- Given in Bhagvad Gita, Mahabharata
- Krishna – Asks to abandon dharma & take refuge in him
- Moved to individual worship from elaborate sacrifices
- If devotee worship with pure heart, deity will appear
- Appar: Shiva Bhakta - 1400 yrs ago & was vellala
Christianity
- 2000 yrs ago in West Asia
- Christ born in Bethlehem (part of Roman Empire)
- Savior of the world
- Treat others as you want yourselves to be treated
- Spread to West Asia, Africa and Europe
- In Kerala - Syrian Christians (amongst oldest Christian communities in the world)
✍ Manishika