India Soils Youtube Lecture Handouts
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SOILS of INDIA
8 Types of Soils in India are explained in this video –
The soils explained are:
Alluvial Soil
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About 43%
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Covers an area of 143 sq.km.
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Widespread in northern plains and river valleys.
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In peninsular-India, they are mostly found in deltas and estuaries.
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Humus, lime and organic matter
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Highly fertile
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Indus-Ganga-Brahmaputhra plain, Narmada-Tapi plain
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Depositional soil – transported and deposited by rivers, streams.
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Sand content decreases from west to east of the country.
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New alluvium is termed as Khadar and old alluvium is termed as Bhangar.
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Colour: Light Grey to Ash Grey.
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Texture: Sandy to silty loam or clay.
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Rich in: potash
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Poor in: phosphorous.
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Wheat, rice, maize, sugarcane, pulses, oilseed.
Black Soil
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Cotton cultivation.
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Deccan
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Mature soil
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High water retaining capacity.
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Swells and becomes sticky when wet
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Shrinks when dried.
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Self-ploughing- develops wide cracks when dried.
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Rich in: Iron, lime, calcium, potassium, aluminum and magnesium.
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Deficient in: Nitrogen, Phosphorous and organic matter.
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Colour: Deep black to light black.
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Texture: Clayey
Red Soil
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Low rainfall area.
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Omnibus group.
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Porous, friable structure.
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Absence of lime, kankar (impure calcium carbonate).
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Deficient in: lime, phosphate, manganese, nitrogen, humus and potash.
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Colour: Red because of Ferric oxide. The lower layer is reddish yellow or yellow.
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Texture: Sandy to clay and loamy.
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Wheat, cotton, pulses, tobacco, oilseeds, potato.
Laterite Soil
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‘Later’ which means Brick.
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Soft when wet and hard when dried.
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High temperature and high rainfall.
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Formed from high leaching.
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Lime and silica leached away
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Organic matter removed fast by the bacteria
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Humus content is low.
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Rich in: Iron and Aluminum
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Deficient in: Nitrogen, Potash, Potassium, Lime, Humus
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Colour: Red colour due to iron oxide.
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Rice, Ragi, Sugarcane and Cashew nuts
Forest Soil
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Regions of high rainfall.
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Humus content is less and thus the soil is acidic.
Peat and Organic Soil
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Heavy rainfall and high humidity.
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Less vegetation
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Dead organic matter makes alkaline.
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Heavy soil with black colour.
Mountain and Skeletal Soil
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Mountain regions of the country
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Immature soil with low humus and acidic.
Alkaline and Saline Soil
Soils of India Image-1
Soils of India Image-1
Soils of India Image-2
Soils of India Image-2
-Manishika