NCERT Class 10 Geography Chapter 7: Lifelines of National Economy YouTube Lecture Handouts
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NCERT Class 10 Geography Chapter 7: Lifelines of National Economy
Means of Transport β Movement
Roadways
- Largest in world with 2.3 million km
Why roads are more feasible?
- Cheaper construction rate
- Can traverse dissected topography
- On higher gradients
- Economical
- Door to door service
- As feeder to other transport
Road Density Length of road per 100 km2
Types of Roads
- Golden Quadrilateral β East β West (Silchar to Porbander) & North β South (Srinagar to Kanyakumari)
- National Highways β Maintained by CPWD (Sher Shah Suri β Delhi Amritsar is NH1; NH 8 β Delhi-Mumbai; NH-7 β Varanasi Kanyakumari)
- State Highways β by PWD
- District Highways β by Zila Parishad
- Otherβ Rural Roads β PM Gramin Sadak Yojana
- Border Roads β North, NE & NW India
- Metalled β All weather (concrete, bitumen & coal)
- Unmetalled β half of the total
Railways
- Integrating since last 150 years
- It is largest PSU in India
- 1st train β 1853 β Mumbai to Thane
- Broad, Meter & narrow gauge
- Plains, high density, agricultural area
- Difficult β in Mountains, deserts & landslide areas
- Diamond Quadrilateral (high speed rail network)
Pipelines
- Gasβoilβsolid
- Refineries β Barauni, Mathura, Panipat
- Initial cost is high, running cost is low
- Oil (Upper Assam to Kanpur) via Guwahati, Barauni & Allahabad
- From Salaya (Guj.) to Jalandhar (Punjab) via Viramgam, Mathura, Delhi, Sonipat
- From Hazira (Guj.) to Jagdishpur (UP) via Vijaipur (MP)
Waterways
- Cheapest
- Fuel efficient and environment friendly
- 95% trade in volume & 68% in value by sea
- Coastline β 7516 km (handle 95% foreign trade)
- Kandla (after 1947, to relieve Mumbai) as Karachi went to Pak.
- Mumbai β Biggest, natural and sheltered harbor
- Jawaharlal Nehru Port to decongest Mumbai
- Marmagao (export iron) from Goa
- New Mangalore (Karnataka) β export iron from Kudremukh
- Kochi β entrance of lagoon with natural harbor
Waterways
- Tuticorin β Natural harbor, Tamil Nadu
- Chennai β oldest artificial harbor (next to Mumbai in cargo)
- Vishakhapatnam β deepest landlocked (iron export)
- Paradip β Odisha (iron export)
- Kolkata β inland riverine port β tidal port (Haldia to decongest Kolkata)
- National Waterways
- Sagar Mala Project
- NW -1: On Ganga bβw Allahabad & Haldia
- NW -2: Brahmaputra bβw Sadiya and Dhubri
- NW-3: West Coast Canal in Kerala
Airways
- Fastest
- Cover difficult terrain
- Nationalized in 1953
- UDAN (Ude Desh Ka Aam Naagrik)
Communication
- Postal network β largest in world
- Largest telecom in Asia (STD, mobiles)
- Mass Communication β Radio, TV, newspaper, DD
- Largest producer of feature films in world
International Trade
- Exports & Imports (EXIM policy)
- Balance of trade (favorable or unfavorable)
- Most trades β Mineral fuels & gold
- Highest exports β petroleum product & precious stones
- Highest Imports β China > USA > Saudi Arabia
- Highest Exports β USA > UAE > Hong Kong
- Tourism - Revenue
β Manishika