Vedic Literature
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Important Statements in Veda: Rigveda
Kaushitiki ⟋ Sankhyayana Brahmana
- Doctrine of transmigration of soul: Aitterya Brahmana
- Aitterya wrote Aaitterya Brahmana. His son was Mahidas.
- It mentions Andhras, Pulindas, Mutibs and other tribes.
- It says, “Brahmana is a seeker of livelihood, receiver of gifts and removable at will (of the raj an) ” .
- It says, “Vaisyas are tribute payers” .
- It says, “Sudras are servants of other, to be oppressed and beaten at will” .
- Story of Harishchandra.
- Ajigarta sold his son Sunehsepa for 100 cows.
- Visvamitra asked his 50 sons to leave the house as they disobeyed him.
- First reference to՚sresthi — leader of the guild.
- Mentions asrama system for the first time.
- It divides the region into five parts. Accordingly it describes five types of rulerships:
- Gives the story of origin of kinship in a legend.
Kaushitiki Aranyaka
- Expounds the pranagnihotra - the fire oblation through breath, a substitute for the basic rite.
Panchavis Brahmana
- It refers to ratnins as ‘viras’ .
Chhandyogya Upanishad
- It is the oldest Upanishad along with Brihadaranyak Upanishad.
- It says, “In heaven all are equal” .
- First appearance of idea of rebirth.
- It mentions first three ashrams for the first time.
- Story of Satyakam Javali.
- Story of Pravahan Javali (who taught a Brahman Svetaketu Aruneya) .
- It categorized chandals with dogs and pigs.
- The discussion on similarity of ‘atma’ (soul) and ‘Bhrama’ between Uddalak Aruni and his son Svetaketu Aruneya.
Ken Upanishad
- Story of Yaksha.
Rivers Mentioned in Ring Veda
- Vitasta
- Jhelum
- Chenab
- Askini
- Kumbha
- Kabul
- Kubha
- Drishadavati
- Chautang
- Gomati
- Gomal
- Kumu
- Kurrum
- Purushni
- Sadinira
- Gandak
- Ravi
- Shutudri
- Sutlej
- Vipasha
- Beas
- Krumu
- Kurram