10 Theories of Migration - Fundamentals of Geography YouTube Lecture Handouts

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10 Theories of Migration - Fundamentals of Geography

Theories of Migration

Illustration: Theories of Migration

Ravenstein՚s Law of Migration (1843 - 1913)

Illustration: Ravenstein՚s Law of Migration (1843 - 1913)

Highlights of Ravenstein՚s Theory

  • Migrants move mainly over short distances; those going longer distances go for industry and commerce.
  • Most migration is from agricultural to industrial areas.
  • Large towns grow more by migration than by natural increase.
  • Migration increases along with the development of industry, commerce and transport.
  • Each migration stream produces a counter-stream.
  • Females are more migratory than males, at least over shorter distances; males are a majority in international migration.
  • Major causes of migration are economic.
  • Most migration is from rural to urban areas.
  • Most migration proceed step by step

Push Pull Theory - Lee

  • Push Factors: Move Out – Poverty, Political Instability
  • Pull Factors: Move In – Economies, Job Opportunities

Focus only on Desire not Ability (POOR)

Gravity Model

  • Distance is main Obstacle
  • Modified version of Newton՚s Gravitation Law
  • Large places attract more ideas, people
  • Places closer have greater attraction

Intervening Opportunities by Stouffer

Trip not related to distance as by gravity model but relative accessibility of opportunities

Illustration: Intervening Opportunities by Stouffer

Zelinsky Migration Transition Model

  • Stage one (Premodern traditional society)
  • Stage two (Early transitional society)
  • Stage three (Late transitional society)
  • Stage four (Advanced society)
  • Stage five (Future super advanced society)

Neoclassical Economic Theory

  • Main reason is wage difference between 2 locations
  • Linked to labour demand and supply

Dual Labour Market Theory

  • Main reason is Pull factors in developed regions

Relative Deprivation Theory

  • Awareness of income differences is major factor

World Systems Theory

  • Global Perspective
  • Interaction is important factor in social change

Chain Migration

  • Social Process

Manishika