10 Theories of Migration - Fundamentals of Geography YouTube Lecture Handouts
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10 Theories of Migration - Fundamentals of Geography
Theories of Migration
Ravenstein՚s Law of Migration (1843 - 1913)
Highlights of Ravenstein՚s Theory
- Migrants move mainly over short distances; those going longer distances go for industry and commerce.
- Most migration is from agricultural to industrial areas.
- Large towns grow more by migration than by natural increase.
- Migration increases along with the development of industry, commerce and transport.
- Each migration stream produces a counter-stream.
- Females are more migratory than males, at least over shorter distances; males are a majority in international migration.
- Major causes of migration are economic.
- Most migration is from rural to urban areas.
- Most migration proceed step by step
Push Pull Theory - Lee
- Push Factors: Move Out – Poverty, Political Instability
- Pull Factors: Move In – Economies, Job Opportunities
Focus only on Desire not Ability (POOR)
Gravity Model
- Distance is main Obstacle
- Modified version of Newton՚s Gravitation Law
- Large places attract more ideas, people
- Places closer have greater attraction
Intervening Opportunities by Stouffer
Trip not related to distance as by gravity model but relative accessibility of opportunities
Zelinsky Migration Transition Model
- Stage one (Premodern traditional society)
- Stage two (Early transitional society)
- Stage three (Late transitional society)
- Stage four (Advanced society)
- Stage five (Future super advanced society)
Neoclassical Economic Theory
- Main reason is wage difference between 2 locations
- Linked to labour demand and supply
Dual Labour Market Theory
- Main reason is Pull factors in developed regions
Relative Deprivation Theory
- Awareness of income differences is major factor
World Systems Theory
- Global Perspective
- Interaction is important factor in social change
Chain Migration
- Social Process
✍ Manishika