NCERT Class 8 Geography Chapter 4: Agriculture YouTube Lecture Handouts
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NCERT Class 8 Geography Chapter 4: Agriculture
NCERT Class 8 Geography
Chapter 4: Agriculture
Economic Activities
- Primary β Agriculture, Fishing, Gathering
- Secondary β Manufacturing
- Tertiary β Services β Trade, Transport, Banking, Advertisement
- World β 50% in Agriculture.
- India β 2β3rd in Agriculture.
Conditions for Agriculture
- Ager βsoilβ + Culture βCultivationβ
- Favorable Climate & Soil
- Arable Land β Land on which crop grows
Types of Farming
Subsistence Farming β Low technology & household labor
Intensive β Small plot, simple technique, more labor β Rice, Maize, Wheat β Thick Populated Areas of SE Asia
Primitive β Shifting Cultivation & Nomadic Herding
Shifting Cultivation: Amazon basin, tropical Africa, parts of SE Asia and NE India β Slash & burn
Nomadic Herding: Sahara, Central Asia, Rajasthan, J & K β Sheep, Camel, Yak & Goat
Types of Farming
Commercial Farming β For sale in Market β Machines
Commercial Grain Farming β Wheat, Maize β USA & Europe
Mixed farming β Food, Fodder & Livestock - Europe, eastern USA, Argentina, SE Australia, New Zealand and South Africa
Plantation Agriculture - tea, coffee, sugarcane, cashew, rubber, banana or cotton β Large labor & capital - Rubber in Malaysia, coffee in Brazil, tea in India and Sri Lanka
Major Crops
- Rice: Tropical & Sub-tropical β High temperature, humidity & rain; China, India, Sri Lanka, Japan & Egypt
- Wheat: Moderate temperature & rain, USA < Canada, Argentina, Russia, Ukraine, Australia β in India in winters
- Millets: Coarse, Sandy, Low rain & moderate temperature β Jowar, Bajra, Ragi; Nigeria, China, Niger
- Maize: Moderate temp & lot of sunshine - N. America, Brazil, China, Russia, Canada, India, Mexico
- Cotton: High Temp. , Light Rain, 210 frost free days, black & alluvial soil; China, India, USA, Pak. , Brazil, Egypt
- Jute: Golden Fiber, High temp. , heavy rain, alluvial soil, tropical; India & Bangladesh
- Coffee: Warm & wet, loamy soil; Brazil, Columbia & India
- Tea: Heavy rainfall throughout year, plantation, loamy soil, labor; Kenya, India, China & Sri Lanka
Agricultural Development
- Increasing the cropped area
- Number of crops grown
- Improving irrigation facilities
- Use of fertilizers and HYV seeds
- Mechanization
- Farm in India (1.5 hectares) vs USA (250 hectares)
β Manishika