Cracking LCM & HCF Remainder Problems: 8 Simple Formulas Explained YouTube Lecture Handouts

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Cracking LCM & HCF Remainder Problems: 8 Simple Formulas Explained

Remainder Problems with HCF and LCM

Recap

Method:

  • Prime Factorization
  • Divisibility tests

Problem Keywords

  • LCM: Minimum number, least amount, smallest duration etc.
  • HCF: Maximum number, most amount, longest duration etc.

HCF Remainder Problems

4 Types

Greatest Number Which Divides X, Y and Z? HCF Type 1 (Simple)

Let՚s start with a simple example: 12,18, and 30

Greatest Number Which Divides X, Y and Z Leaves Same Remainder R (Given) ? HCF Type 2 (Same Remainder- Given)

Let՚s find a number which divides all 14,20 and 32 leaving remainder 2

Greatest Number Which Divides X, Y and Z Leaves Same Remainder R (Not Given) ? HCF Type 3 (Same Remainder- Not Given)

Number which divides all 14,20 and 32 leaving same remainder

Greatest Number Which Divides X, Y and Z, Leaving Remainders a, B and C (Respectively) HCF Type 4 (Different Remainder- Given)

Number which divides 12,18 and 30 leaving remainder 2,3 and 0.

HCF Problems – 4 Types Summary Understand and Remember

  • Greatest number which divides x, y and z = HCF (x, y, z)
  • Greatest number which divides x, y and z and leaves remainder r = HCF (x - r, y - r, z - r)
  • Greatest number which divides x, y and z and leaves same remainder = HCF (| x βˆ’ y| , | y βˆ’ z| , | z βˆ’ x|)
  • Greatest number which divides x, y and z and leaves remainder a, b, c = HCF (x - a, y - b, z - c)

LCM Remainder Problems

4 Types

Smallest Number Divisible by X, Y and Z? LCM Type 1 (Simple)

Let՚s start with a simple example: 6,9, and 12

Smallest/Largest Number of N Digits Divisible by X, Y, Z? LCM Type 2 (Multiples of LCM)

Smallest/Largest number of 3 digits divisible by 6,9, 12

Smallest Number when Divided by X, Y and Z Leaves Same Remainder R (Given) ? LCM Type 3 (Same Remainder)

Number divisible by 6,9, and 12 leaves remainder 2

Smallest Number when Divided by X, Y and Z Leaves Remainder a, B, C? LCM Type 4 (Different Remainder)

x - a = y - b = z - c = common difference d

Smallest number divided by 2, 3,4, 5,6 leaves remainder 1, 2,3, 4,5

LCM Problems – 4 Types SummaryUnderstand and Remember

  • Smallest number divisible by x, y and z = LCM (x, y, z)
  • Smallest number of n digits divisible by x, y and z = Multiple of LCM (x, y, z)
  • Smallest number when divided by x, y and z leaves same remainder r = LCM (x, y, z) + r
  • Smallest number when divided by x, y and z leaves remainder a, b, c
    • x - a = y - b = z - c = common difference d
    • LCM (a, b, c) - d

Variations of LCM (Understand)

Smallest/Largest number of n digits when divided by x, y and z leaves same remainder r = Multiple of LCM (x, y, z) + r

Smallest/Largest number of n digits when divided by x, y and z leaves remainder a, b, c = Multiple of LCM (x, y, z) – d (x-a = y-b = z-c = common difference d)

Example - 1

Find the greatest number of 5-digits which on being divided by 9,12, 24 and 45 leaves 3,6, 18 and 39 as remainders respectively.

Example - 2

Find the smallest number which, on being added 23 to it, is exactly divisible by 32,36, 48 and 96.

Example – 3 (Advanced)

When dividing a number by 12,15 or 48 there will always be a remainder of 10. If the number is the least possible, how many divisors does the number have?

Number of divisors of (p, q primes) is Application of Combination

Generalization – Chinese Remainder Theorem Next Class! !

Find the smallest number which when divided by 7,9, and 11 produces 1,2, and 3 as reminders

  • 7 – 1 = 6
  • 9 – 2 = 7
  • 11 – 3 = 8

But

  • 7 – 2 Γ— 1 = 5
  • 9 – 2 Γ— 2 = 5
  • 11 – 2 Γ— 3 = 5