NET, IAS, State-SET (KSET, WBSET, MPSET, etc.), GATE, CUET, Olympiads etc.: Indian Geography Petroleum
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Learning with 3 Classifications & Mnemonics
Petroleum
1. It is also called mineral oil.
2. Oilfields in North east India
- Digboi north east of Tipam hills in Dibrugarh distt. , it is the oldest oilfield.
- Naharkatiya fields 32 km. from started in 1953.
- Moranhugugan started in 1956,40 km. southwest of Naharkatiya.
- Rudrasagar, Sibsagar, Lakura, Galeki, Badarpur, Barhola and Anguri are newly discovered oilfields.
- In Arunachal Pradeshoilfields are in Manabhum, Kharsang, Charali.
- In Tripura, oilfields are in Mamunbhang, Baramura, Dcntamura Subhang, Manu, Ampibagar Amarpurdambura.
3. In Western India Gujarat
- Ankleshwar 80 km. of Vadodara, J. L. Nehru called Ankleshwar as fountain of prosperity;
- Khambat or Lunej (near Ahmadabad) field started in 1958;
- Ahmadabad and Kalol.
4. New oilfields are Kosamba, Mahesana, Sanand, Kathana, Olkad, Dholka, Arjol, Khadi, Sandkhurd, Siswas, Nandsan, Bhandarat, Sabhasam and Vadesar.
5. Offshore oilfields of India
- Mumbai high, Sagar Samrat is its platform;
- Bassein;
- Aliabet near Bhavnagar.
6. Production is largest in Mumbai high (62%) , Gujarat (20%) , Assam (16.5%) , then in Tamil Nadu (1%) .
7. Oil refineries in private sector
- Reliance Petroleum in Jamnagar.
- International Petro Parmar in Surat;
- Ashok Leylands in Daitori in Orissa;
- Essar Petro in Vadimar, Gujarat;
- Black Gold in Vyag;
- Petrodyne in Karaikal, Pondichery;
- Jindal ferro Alloy in Vizag;
- Portmardi TIDCO in Tuticorin, T N
- Abon LLyod Chales in Tuticorin;
- Moplac Udyog in Haldia.
8. Joint venture refining
- Mangalore refining;
- Bhakat Oman՚s Bina in M. P;
- H. P. Oman՚s Devgarh in Matra;
- IOCKNPC in Daitari, Orissa.
Oil Pipelines
Oil pipelines 7.5 thousand km. in India; first pipeline was laid in Assam in Nunmati to Barauni, 1167 km. , now extended to Kanpur; second in Salaya in Gujarat to Mathura in U P , 12.56 km. , it is being extended to Panipat and Jalandhar and finally to Koyali in Gujarat; third is Mumbai to Pune; fourth is from Rajbandh to Maurigram in W. Bengal;
HEP: Tamil Nadu: Mettur, Pykara, Papnasham, Kadamparai, Pandiyar, Kodayar, Kundah and Periyar projects.
Punjab: Bhakra dam, Ganguwal and Kotla projects on Sutlej river, Pong dam on Vyas,
U P: Bahadurabad, Mohammadpur Chitura, Salwa, Bhola, Plara, Sumera, Sardar Sarovar, Ramganta, Matatila dam near Jhansi on Betwa, Rihand project on R. Rihand.
Kerala, 100% electricity is generated through hydroelectric projects Idukki, Kuttyadi, Sabargiri, Sholayar, Manantvadi, Chalkudi, Puyankutti, lower Periyar, Pallinsal.
Maharashtra: Lonavala grid which has 3 powerhouse is in Khopoli, in Vjbhpuri and third in Bhira, Konya project (tributary of Krishna) , Puma, Vaitarna.
In Orissa are Hirakund, Bhimakund, Rengali and In Himachal Pradesh Mandi project in Jogindernagar, Pando project on Vyas river. In J&K Chenab, Sind, Jhelum and Salal projects.