NCERT Class 7 Geography Chapter 7: Human Environment – Settlement, Transport & Communication YouTube Lecture Handouts

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NCERT Class 7 Geography Chapter 7: Human Environment Settlement Transport Communication

NCERT Class 7 Geography

Chapter 7: Human Environment – Settlement, Transport & Communication

Settlements

  • Where people build homes
  • Earlier on trees & caves
  • Then permanent house
  • Mainly near rivers, fertile areas, water
  • Slowly became larger

Types of Settlement

  • Temporary: Occupied for short period of time – Forests, Deserts, Mountains – Hunting, Gathering, Shifting Cultivation, Transhumance (Seasonal movement of people)
  • Permanent:
  • Rural: Compact (Closely Built) or Scattered (Extensive)
  • Scattered in Hills and Extensive forests
  • Slanting Roof: Rainy areas
  • Stilts: Accumulation of Water in Rains
  • Hot Areas: Thick mud wall with Thatched Roofs
  • Urban: Towns (Small) , Cities (Large)

Transport

  • Means by which people and goods move
  • Earlier – Walked and Animals Carried Goods (Donkeys, Mules, Camels & Bullocks; S. America – Llamas; Tibet - Yaks)
  • Later – Invention of Wheel
  • Roadways
  • Railways
  • Airways
  • Waterways

Roadways

  • Most common for short distances
  • Metalled (Pucca)
  • Unmetalled (Kutcha)
  • Subways (Underpaths) – Built Underground
  • Flyovers – Above the Structure
  • Manali- Leh Highway (Amongst world՚s highest roadways)

Railways

  • Over long distances
  • Cheaper method
  • Steam Engine – Industrial Revolution
  • Diesel & Electric Engines
  • Superfast trains
  • India rail network is largest in Asia
  • Trans-Siberian Railway – Longest in World: From . Petersburg to Valdivostok

Waterways

  • Cheapest to carry goods for long distances
  • Inland waterway – Navigable Rivers (Ganga-Brahmaputra; Nile) and Lakes (Great Lakes)
  • Sea Routes: From one country to another
  • Major Ports: Mumbai, Los Angeles, Singapore, Sydney, Rotterdam

Airways

  • Fastest means of transport
  • Expensive – Higher cost of fuels
  • Affected by fog and storms
  • For inaccessible areas (helicopters)
  • In Natural Calamties – To rescue and provide food

Communication

  • Process of conveying message
  • Messages by Birds
  • Postal System
  • Print Media
  • Electronic Media – e-mails, internet
  • Mass Media: Communicate to large number of people – Newspaper, Radio & TV
  • Satellites: For faster communication- For oil exploration, forest, water, minerals, weather, disaster warning
  • Wireless communication: Cellular Phones

✍ Manishika