NCERT Class 7 Geography Chapter 7: Human Environment β Settlement, Transport & Communication YouTube Lecture Handouts
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NCERT Class 7 Geography Chapter 7: Human Environment Settlement Transport Communication
NCERT Class 7 Geography
Chapter 7: Human Environment β Settlement, Transport & Communication
Settlements
- Where people build homes
- Earlier on trees & caves
- Then permanent house
- Mainly near rivers, fertile areas, water
- Slowly became larger
Types of Settlement
- Temporary: Occupied for short period of time β Forests, Deserts, Mountains β Hunting, Gathering, Shifting Cultivation, Transhumance (Seasonal movement of people)
- Permanent:
- Rural: Compact (Closely Built) or Scattered (Extensive)
- Scattered in Hills and Extensive forests
- Slanting Roof: Rainy areas
- Stilts: Accumulation of Water in Rains
- Hot Areas: Thick mud wall with Thatched Roofs
- Urban: Towns (Small) , Cities (Large)
Transport
- Means by which people and goods move
- Earlier β Walked and Animals Carried Goods (Donkeys, Mules, Camels & Bullocks; S. America β Llamas; Tibet - Yaks)
- Later β Invention of Wheel
- Roadways
- Railways
- Airways
- Waterways
Roadways
- Most common for short distances
- Metalled (Pucca)
- Unmetalled (Kutcha)
- Subways (Underpaths) β Built Underground
- Flyovers β Above the Structure
- Manali- Leh Highway (Amongst worldΥs highest roadways)
Railways
- Over long distances
- Cheaper method
- Steam Engine β Industrial Revolution
- Diesel & Electric Engines
- Superfast trains
- India rail network is largest in Asia
- Trans-Siberian Railway β Longest in World: From . Petersburg to Valdivostok
Waterways
- Cheapest to carry goods for long distances
- Inland waterway β Navigable Rivers (Ganga-Brahmaputra; Nile) and Lakes (Great Lakes)
- Sea Routes: From one country to another
- Major Ports: Mumbai, Los Angeles, Singapore, Sydney, Rotterdam
Airways
- Fastest means of transport
- Expensive β Higher cost of fuels
- Affected by fog and storms
- For inaccessible areas (helicopters)
- In Natural Calamties β To rescue and provide food
Communication
- Process of conveying message
- Messages by Birds
- Postal System
- Print Media
- Electronic Media β e-mails, internet
- Mass Media: Communicate to large number of people β Newspaper, Radio & TV
- Satellites: For faster communication- For oil exploration, forest, water, minerals, weather, disaster warning
- Wireless communication: Cellular Phones
β Manishika