NCERT Class 8 Geography Chapter 5: Industries YouTube Lecture Handouts
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NCERT Class 8 Geography Chapter 5: Industries
NCERT Class 8 Geography
Chapter 5: Industries
Industry
Production of Goods β (Steel Industry)
Extraction of Minerals β (Coal Mining)
Provision for services β (Tourism)
Emerging Industries: βSunrise Industriesβ β Information Technology, Wellness, Hospitality and Knowledge
Classification β Raw Material Based
- Agro Based
- Mineral Based
- Marine Based
- Forest Based
Classification β Based on Size
- Small Scale β Cottage/Household β Pottery, Basket Weaving
- Large Scale
Classification β Based on Ownership
- Private Sector
- Public Sector β Aviation
- Joint Sector β Maruti Udyog
- Cooperative Sector - owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both β Amul Dairy
Factors Affecting Location of Industry
Industrial Clusters
- Mumbai-Pune cluster
- Bangalore-Tamil Nadu region
- Hugli region
- Ahmedabad-Baroda region
- Chottanagpur industrial belt
- Vishakhapatnam-Guntur belt
- Gurgaon-Delhi-Meerut region
- Kollam-Thiruvananthapuram industrial cluster
- Bhopal Gas Tragedy: Methyl Isocyanate (MIC)
- Gao Qiao, Chongging, China β Gas Well Blowout
Iron & Steel Industry β as Feeder Industry
- Strengthen Steel by aluminum, nickel, and copper
- Backbone of modern industry
- Before 1800: Near RM, Power & Water
- Later: Near Coal fields & Railways
- After 1950Υs: Near Sea Ports
India & TISCO
- Bhilai, Durgapur, Burnpur, Jamshedpur, Rourkela, Bokaro: 4 states of West Bengal, Jharkhand, Orissa and Chhattisgarh
- Bhadravati and Vijay Nagar in Karnataka
- Vishakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh
- Salem in Tamil Nadu
- TISCO β Private β Jamshedpur - 1907 at Sakchi, near confluence of the rivers Subarnarekha and Kharkai in Jharkhand
- 32 km away from Kalimati station on the Bengal-Nagpur railway line
- Coal from Jharia coalfields
- Iron ore, limestone, dolomite and manganese from Orissa & Chhattisgarh
Pittsburgh
- Iron from Minnesota
- Great lakes Waterways
- Water by Ohio, Monogahela and Allegheny rivers
Fibre
- Natural fibres: Wool, silk, cotton, linen and jute
- Manmade fibres: Nylon, polyester, acrylic and rayon
- Cotton Textile: Oldest Industry, Wheels and Looms to Power Looms
- Muslins of Dhaka
- Chintzes of Masulipatnam
- Calicos of Calicut
- Gold-wrought cotton pieces of Burhanpur, Surat and Vadodara
- 1st Modern Textile β Mumbai β 1854 β Warm Moist Climate, Port, RM & labour
Ahmedabad vs. Osaka
- Ahmedabad: Sabarmati River, 1st in 1859; 2nd largest after Mumbai, Manchester of India β Humid climate, land, labour, road & connectivity, export β non up gradation of machinery
- Osaka β Manchester of Japan β Yodo River, extensive plains, humid area, Cotton imported from Egypt, India, China and USA; export at low price and good quality
Information Technology
- Storage, processing and distribution of information
High Technology Industries - Group Together
- Located near main road/highways for an easy access
- Firms can benefit from exchange of knowledge
- Efficient Services and facilities such as roads, car parks and waste disposal
β Manishika