NET, IAS, State-SET (KSET, WBSET, MPSET, etc.), GATE, CUET, Olympiads etc. Geography Notes on Tobacco, Sugarcane, Tea in India
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Tobacco
- Rainfall: 50 - 80cm.
- Soil: Sandy Loam soil should be rich in Potash, Nitrogen, Magnesium, Phosphoric Acid.
- India has 17% of total area under cultivation.
- Variety: Nicotiana Tabaccum and Nicotiana Rustica.
- Flues: Virginia tobacco is procured in special chambers known as Barns with artificial heat passing through metal pipes called Flues. Hence it is known as Flues cured Virginia tobacco.
- Export: second largest exporter after USA.
- Area: Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Maharashtra in the Deccan, Bihar, Orissa, UP, West Bengal.
- Production: Average 1000 leaf⟋ha Andhra Pradesh largest producer, Guntur heart of tobacco trade.
- Exported to UK, EEU.
- Two important ports: Madras and Kakinada.
Sugarcane (Saccharum Officinarium)
- Belongs to grass family.
- Contains canesugar (Sucrose) .
- It is basically a tropical crop.
- Temperature: not above , not less than
- Rainfall75cm 120cm.
- Soil clay loams, Alluvial; should be rich in Nitrogen, Phosphoric and Potash.
- Setts: All commercial plantations are made of stalk cuttings of two or three joints.
- Ratoon crops: After the first crop has been cut , the stem begins to grow again.
- Average Yield: 65375 kg⟋ ha Highest in Tamil Nadu
- Production: UP the largest producer, Bihar, Punjab, Haryana.
Tea (Camellia Tea)
- India is the leading producer and leading exporter.
- Varieties: Black tea leaves are dried in the sun and then fermented; Green tea far east China and Japan, there is no fermentation.
- Climate: temp. and ; rainfall 150 - 250 cm. ; protection against long dry weather.
- Soil: Sandy loams are best; iron in soil is beneficial.
- Cultivation: Assam 54.7% ; Assam 24.3% ; Tamil Nadu9.2% .
- Production: Assam21.48% ; W. Bengal 21.48% ; Tamil Nadu13.32% and Kerala8.34% .
- Export: Britain chief buyer, Russia, USA and Australia.
Coffee (Coffea)
- Oldest among the plantation.
- It is the highland crop of the Tropics.
- Temperature: to
- Protection: sensitive to cold and frost and to be protected from hot dry winds.
- Sun rays are injurious.
- Varieties: Arabica, Robusta and Coffee Liberica (75%)
- Rainfall 125 cm - 200 cm.
- Height of the crop 910 mts.
- Plucking time: Coffee Arabica between Oct. -Nov. ; Coffee Robusta between Jan-Feb.
- Production (state wise) Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil nadu, Andhra pradesh.
- Yield (state wise) Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh.
Oilseeds
Sesamum (Sesamum Indicum)
- It is both a Kharif crop (N.India) and Rabi (S.India) .
- Seed contains 46%-52% oil.
- Light and Sandy soils and Black Cotton soils.
- Temperature .
- Rainfall 40 - 50cm.
- India produces l⟋3rd of the total production.
- Orissa, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka, M P, Tamil Nadu.
Groundnut (Arachis Hypogea)
- Leading in the world.
- Needs tropical climate.
- Susceptible to frost.
- Khrif Crop (N.India) , Rabi (S.India) .
- Rainfall50 - 100cm.
- Sandy Loams.
- Sown in June-July and harvested in four months.
- Deccan Plateau and Gujrat.
- Highest yield in Gujarat.
- Temperature .
Rapeseed and Mustard Seed
- Rapeseed is also known as Sarson, Toria and Taramira.
- Mustard seed is also known as Rai.
- It is a Rabi corp.
- Alluvial soil.
- Rainfall 25 - 40cm.
- Maturity75 - 90 days.
- Leading producers: U P; Rajasthan; Punjab and Haryana.