NCERT Class 7 Political Science Chapter 5: Women Change the World YouTube Lecture Handouts

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Efforts by Women Movement to Change Discrimination

• Farmer

• Teacher

• Scientist

• Pilot

• 83.6% - working women are engaged in agricultural work

• Women are better as nurses – linked to women role in family

• Due to stereotyping that science requires technical mind – girls lack this field like engineering

• Stereotype: When we believe that people belonging to particular groups based on religion, wealth, language are bound to have certain fixed characteristics or can only do a certain type of work.

• Some like to face challenges

• Boys asked to go for science subjects for career pursuit

• Boys asked not to cry at an early age

Past

• Skill of reading & writing was known to few

• Children learnt work with families

• E.g., women collected mud & prepared earth for pots, not operated wheels so were not potters

• Education & learning ideas emerged

• Schools became common

• Girls now sent to schools for education

• Ramabai known as ‘Pandita’: Never went to school but read & write Sanskrit. Established Mission in Khedgaon near Pune in 1898, where widows and poor women were encouraged to become literate & independent – by learning skills for carpentry, printing press etc.

• Rashsundari Devi (1800–1890) in West Bengal: Autobiography in Bangla “Amar Jiban”, 1^st autobiography written by an Indian woman (housewife from rich landlord’s family)

• Rokeya Sakhawat Hossain: Rich family with lands, could read & write Urdu but not Bangla & English. Wrote with help of elder brother & sister. Wrote story titled Sultana’s Dream in 1905 with a place called Lady land (women has liberty to study, work & inventions). In 1910, she started school for girls in Kolkata.

Girls Leaving Schools: Higher in SC/ST as Compared to General

• Muslim girls in school for 3 years & other for 4 years

• Lack of proper schools and teachers

• Lack of transportation

• Family can’t bear cost of education

• Children leave school as they are discriminated

Women Movement

• Improvement in health, legal reforms & violence

• Women Movement: Individual & collective effort

• Diversity, passion & effort

• Spread awareness – street plays, songs & public meetings

• Fight discrimination – protesting, raise voice against violation (break the laws), public rallies & demonstrations

• Seek justice

• Campaigns which lead to new laws

• Legal protection

• Protect against sexual harassment at workplace & educational institutions

• Women groups spoke for dowry deaths in 1980s (Satyarani – active member)

• Showing Solidarity – with other women – holding candles at Wagah borders

• 8^th March: International Women Day

-Mayank