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Renewable Energy in India

Renewable Energy

Indian Scenario

11th Largest Economy & 4th Largest in Purchasing Power

Potential Ahead

Illustration: Renewable Energy

Power Scenario in India (Installed – 263.66 GW & Renewable Energy – 34.35 GW)

Illustration: Power Scenario in India (Installed – 263.66 GW & Renewable Energy – 34.35 GW)

Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources (MNES)

  • Ministry has launched one of world՚s largest and most ambitious programs on renewable energy
  • 3,700 MW are powered by renewable energy sources
  • Rural Electrification by 2012 for 1 lakh villages

Energy Sources – India

  • 57% by Coal - Mainly Central & NE India
  • 1⟋3rd from renewable energy – mainly hydropower
  • Next to HEP is Natural Gas

HEP

  • Energy from water
  • Major Rainfall Areas: Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Nagaland, Manipur and Mizoram & west coast between Mumbai (Bombay) and Mahe
  • Small HEP: Upto 25 MW – Identified Potential Sites 4096
  • Renovation and modernization
  • Development and up-gradation of water mills
  • Industry based research and development

Largest Hydroelectricity Producer Countries

  • China: 652.846 TWh
  • Canada: 369.539 TWh
  • Brazil: 363.304 TWh
  • USA: 250.916 TWh
  • Russia: 167.271 TWh

Countries with Highest Electricity Generation from HEP

  • China: 1,066.1 TW·h/year
  • Brazil: 411.2 TW·h/year
  • Canada: 376.7 TW·h/year
  • USA: 251.2 TW·h/year

Solar Energy

  • B/w Tropic of Cancer & Equator, average annual temperature that ranges from 25°C – 27.5 °C
  • Photovoltaic Cells – Low Energy Factor, No Moving Parts
  • Mirrors or parabolic dishes – concentrate lights
  • Installed capacity: 3744 MW (as of 2015)
  • Capacity: Gujarat > Rajasthan > MP
Illustration: Solar Energy

Installed Solar Power Capacity Countries

  • Germany: 35.736 GW
  • China: 18.528 GW
  • Italy: 17.861 GW
  • Japan: 13.947 GW
  • USA: 12.035 GW

Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission

  • Launched on 2010
  • Target to deploy 20,000 MW of grid connected solar power by 2022
  • Ecological Sustainable Growth
  • To achieve 15 million sq. meters solar thermal collector area by 2017 & 20 million by 2022.
  • To deploy 20 million solar lighting systems for rural areas by 2022

Applications

  • Concentrated Solar Power
    • Uses only Direct Normal Radiation fraction of solar radiation & solar heat for steam generation and finally electricity production.
    • Started by JNNSM
  • Solar Water Heaters
  • Domestic Use
Illustration: Applications

13 States: Solar Policy Supporting Grid MNRE Connected Rooftop Systems

  • Andhra Pradesh
  • Chhattisgarh
  • Gujarat
  • Haryana
  • Karnataka
  • Kerala
  • Manipur
  • Punjab
  • Rajasthan
  • Uttar Pradesh
  • Tamil Kerala
  • Manipur
  • Punjab
  • Rajasthan
  • Uttar Pradesh
  • Tamil Nadu
  • Uttarakhand
  • West Bengal

17 Solar Parks Approved – 12,759 MW

Illustration: 17 Solar Parks Approved – 12,759 MW

Wind Energy

  • India next to Germany – Fastest growing market
  • Wind Power Potential – AP > Gujarat > Karnataka > Kerala
  • Current Installed capacity of 22645 MW
  • Installed Capacity – Tamil Nadu > Maharashtra > Gujarat > Rajasthan
Illustration: Wind Energy

Largest Wind Power Producing Countries

  • China: 114,364 MW
  • USA: 65,628 MW
  • Germany: 39,963 MW
  • Spain: 22,538 MW
  • India: 22,562 MW
  • UK: 12,597 MW

Biomass Energy

  • Top Nations: Brazil, USA (Low Cost & Indigenous Supply)
  • Includes solid biomass, biogas, liquid biofuels and municipal waste
  • Most successful forms of biomass are sugarcane bagasse (agriculture) , pulp and paper residues (forestry) and manure (livestock residues)
  • Methods: Combustion, Gasification, Fermentation & Anaerobic digestion
  • Potential Biomass Production: AP > Bihar > Gujarat > Karnataka

Biomass Energy Sources

Illustration: Biomass Energy Sources

Tidal Power

  • Tidal energy can be harnessed in two ways: tidal stream generators & barrage generation
  • South Korea, China, United Kingdom
  • Sihwa Lake Tidal Power Plant in 2011: 254 MW capacity is the largest tidal power installation in the world

Wave Power

  • Top Nations: South Korea, Australia
  • South Korea tops due to its exposed peninsula
  • It is sporadic

Geothermal Energy

  • Till Now only 6.5% geothermal energy is tapped
  • Countries generating more than 15% electricity from geothermal sources: El Salvador, Kenya, Philippines, Iceland & Costa Rica.
Illustration: Geothermal Energy

Targets 2022

  • Generate 175 GW by 2022 - 18.9% of entire power consumption
  • 100 GW from solar power – 40 GW from rooftop solar panels
  • 60 GW from wind
  • 10 GW from biomass
  • 5 GW from small hydro power
  • India – to Achieve 147 GW by 2020
  • $ 160 billion needed in next 7 years (until 2022) at an average of $ 23 billion per year
  • Goal is four times of India՚s annual defense spending & over 10 times India՚s annual spending on health and education.

Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency

  • Income tax breaks
  • Accelerated depreciation
  • Custom duty/duty free import concessions
  • Capital/Interest subsidy
  • Incentives for Detailed Project Reports (DPR) and feasibility reports
  • 100% income tax exemption for any continuous block of power for 10 years in the first 15 years of operations
  • Accelerated 100% depreciation on specified renewable energy-based devices
  • Accelerated depreciation of 80 percent in the first year of operations
  • Interest rate subsidies to promote commercialization of new technology

Manishika