Khalji and Tughlaq Dynasty, Mohammad Bin T and Firuz Tughlaq
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Khalji Dyansty (1290 - 1320)
Jalaluddin Khalji (1290 - 96)
- Mitigated the harsh aspects of Balban՚s rule
- Said that state should be based on the support of the ruled. Hence cannot be an Islamic state.
Alauddin Khilji (1296 - 1316)
- Revered the liberal policies of Jalaluddin towards Hindus
- Malik Kafur – general, led campaigns in South India
- Conquered Gujarat, Rajasthan and Deccan
- Amir Khusrau was his contemporary
Alauddin Carried Out Numerous Market Reforms
- Fixed the prices of all commodities
- Setup three markets in Delhi: for food grains, costly cloth, horses
- Each market controlled by an officer called shahna
- Revenue from Doab region to be paid directly to the state
- First sultan to pay soldiers in cash
Military Reforms of Alauddin
- Regular muster of the armed forces
- Branding of horses (dagh)
- Descriptive role of soldiers
Tughlaq Dynasty (1320 – 1412)
Mohammad Bin T (1324 - 51)
Secular
- Giasuddin T died after the wooden platform broke
- Transfer of capital: Delhi to Deogir (Daulatabad)
Token Currency
- Khurasan project – to invade Af-Iran
- Qarachil expedition – Kumaon hills to counter Chinese incursion
- Famine – he left Delhi and lived in a camp called Swargadwari on banks of Ganges near Kanauj
- Diwan-i-amir-ikohi department
- Rebellions during the later part
- Built road from Peshawar to Sonargaon and also to Daulatabad
Firuz Tughlaq (1351 - 88)
- MBT՚s rule had left the army and nobles discontented
- FT adopted policies to appease them
- Offices and iqta were made hereditary
Period of Peace
- Extended the principle of heredity to army as well
- Imposed jizyah: first ruler to do so
- Took steps to translate Hindu religious works to Persian
Humanitarian Measures
- Set up Public Works department. Canals
- Built towns: Hissar and Firuzabad
- Set up a separate department of slaves.
- After Firuz՚s death, the empire shrunk to just Delhi (a popular with reference)
- 1398: Timur՚s invasion
Sayyid Dyansty (1414 - 1451)
Lodi Dynasty (1451 - 1526)
Bahlol Lodi – Sikandar Lodi – Ibrahim Lodi