Revolutionary Terrorism in India - Phase I, Phase II and Revolutionary Activities in Bengal

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Phase I

Anusilan Samiti

  • It was the first revolution­ary organization of Bengal
  • Second branch at Baroda
  • the leader was Barindra Kumar Ghosh
  • Actual leader was P. Mitra
  • In 1908, the samiti pub­lished a book called Bhawani Mandir.
  • In 1909, they published Vartaman Ranniti
  • They also published a periodical called Yugnatar
  • They also published a book Mukti Kon Pathe which way lip salyatinnl
  • Barindra Ghosh tried to explore a bomb in Maniktala in Calcutta
  • Members:
    • Gurudas Banerjee
    • B. C. Pal
  • Both of them believed in the cult of Durga
  • Aurobindo Ghosh started Anushilan Samiti in Baroda
  • He sent Jatindra Nath Banerjee to Calcutta and his association merged with Anushilan Samiti in Calcutta

Prafulla Chalri and Khudi Ram Bose

  • They tried to kill Kings Ford, Chief Presidency Magistrate, who was a judge at Muzaffarpur in Bihar but Mrs. Kennedy and her daughter were killed instead in the blast.
  • Prafulla Chaki was arrested but he shot himself dead and Khudiram was hanged.
  • This bomb-blast occurred on 30th April 1908.

Aurobindro Ghosh and Barindra Ghosh

  • They were arrested on May, 2,1908.
  • Barindra was sentenced for life imprisonment (Kalapani) and Aurobindo Ghosh was acquited.
  • This conspiracy was called Alipur Conspiracy.
  • The conspiracy was leaked to the authorities by Narendra Gosain who was killed by Kanhiya Lai Dutta and Satyen Bose with in the jail compound.
  • 1904: Lala Hardayal, Ajit Singh and Sufi Amba Prasad formed a group at Saharanpur.

1900: V D. Savarkar Started Mitra Mela at Nasik

  • He was influenced by Mazzini՚s Young Italy
  • In 1906⟋V. D. Savarkar founded Abhinav Bharat, its members were,
    • Mirza Abbas,
    • Sikandar Hyat,
    • P N. Bapat and
    • Hem Chandra Das.

Arjun Lai Sethi

  • He founded an educational institute which became a cen­tre of revolutionary activities.

Vanchi Aiyar

  • He belonged to ‘Bharat Mata Association’
  • In 1911, the District Mag­istrate of Tinnevali, Asche was shot dead by him.
  • He committed suicide af­ter this incident.

1909

  • M. L. Dhingra shot down Curzon Willy at Lon­don.

1902

  • Madam Kama be­came active.
  • She is called Mother of In­dian Revolution.

Damodar Chapekar and Bal Krishan Chapekar (Chapekar Bandhu)

  • In 1897, W. C. Rand (Presi­dent of Plague Committee) and Ayrest was killed by Damodar Chapekar and Bal Krishna Chapekar at Poona. This was the first po­litical assassination and they just wanted to kill Rand.
  • On 8th February, 1899 Chapekar brother Basudev killed David, during the time of Diamond jubilee celebra­tion of coronation of Queen Victoria (informed by David brothers) .

1909

  • Jackson, D. M. of Nasik, was killed by Ganesh Savarkar
  • He was younger brother of V. D. Savarkar and belonged to Abhinav Bharat Group.

1907

  • On 16th December, 1907, a train was blown up and Lt. Gen. Sir Andrew Frazer luck­ily escaped.

1912 - 13: Delhi Con­Spiracy

  • A group of persons tried to kill Lord Hardinge.
  • In December, 1912, they were arrested.
  • Four of the accused ar­rested were:
    • Amir Chand;
    • Awadh Bihari;
    • Bal Mukund;
    • Basant Kumar Biswas.

Phase II

Hindustan Republican Association

  • In 1924, at Kanpur, Hindustan Republican Asso­ciation was formed.
  • The leaders were: Ram Prasad Bismil, Sachindra Nath Sanyal and Yogesh Chatterjee.
    • Manifesto:
  • Armed revolution to over­throw colonial rule;
  • To establish federal repub­lic of United States of India;
  • Voting on adult franchise basis;
    • Activities:
  • On 9th, August, 1925, they looted a train 8 Down.In this 4 persons were in­volved:-
    • Ram Prasad Bismil;
    • Roshan Lai;
    • Asfaqullah;
    • Rajendra Lahiri.
  • All the four were arrested but Chandra Shekhar Azad fled.
  • The train 8 Down was looted at Kakori, this is known as “Kakori Con­spiracy”

Hindustan Socialist Republican Association

  • This was founded on 10th September, 1928, under the leadership of Chandra Shekhar Azad.
  • It had following members:
    • Vijay Kumar Sinha
    • Shiv Verma
    • Jaidev Kapoor
    • Bhagwati Charan Vohra
    • Bhagal Singh
    • Sukhdev
    • Battukeshwar Dutt -Objectives of HSRA:
  • To establish a socialist state in India.
  • To arouse consciousness among Indians to the futility of Gandhian method of non-violence.

Works of HSRA

  • On 8th April, 1929, Bhagat Singh and Battukesh­war Dutt, threw a bomb in Central Legislative Council to protest against the Public Safety Bill and Trade Dis­pute Bill.
  • They dropped the copies of Red Pamphlet on the House Floor
  • They did not leave the Cen­tral Legislative Council and
  • they were arrested on 23rd March, 1931.
  • Bhagat Singh, Raj Guru and Sukhdev were hanged.
  • Bhagat Singh was executed because he was deliberately involved in the Saunders mur­der case.
  • This is known as Lahore Conspiracy Case
  • In Lahore Conspiracy Case, Jatin Das kept 64 days fast and he died on Septem­ber 13,1929.
  • A person called T. Macs-winey, he was from Ireland, also died in the same way.
  • On February, 27,1931, Chandrashekhar shot himself dead in Alfred Park in Allahbad.
  • On December, 23,1930, the governor of Punjab was injured by Harkishan and he was hanged.
  • On February, 1,1932, a bomb was placed on railway line on Hardinge Bridge in Delhi, but it did not damage the train.

Revolutionary Activities in Bengal

  • In Bengal the greatest revolutionary upsurge was Chittagaon Armoury raid.
  • In 1930, Surya Sen occu­pied two main Armouries and destroyed telegraph lines.
  • Surya Sen was arrested on 16th February, 1933
  • On January 12,1934, he was hanged.
  • This organization had the following members:
    • Ambika
    • Kalapana
    • Preetilata
    • Loken Nath Pal
    • Ganesh Ghosh
    • Anant Singh
    • Teghra Pal
    • Somnath Pal
  • In 1924, Gopinath Shah was hanged for killing Day. Though, his target was po­lice commissioner Charles Tegart.
  • In 1836, Bhang Bhasa Prakashika Sabha was formed.