Generation and Classification of Computer for NET, IAS, State-SET (KSET, WBSET, MPSET, etc.), GATE, CUET, Olympiads etc.

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Development of computer

Abacus

  • Abacus is known to be the first mechanical calculating device.
  • It was used to be performed addition and subtraction easily and speedily.
  • This device was a first developed by the Egyptians in the 10th century B. C, but it was given it final shape in the 12th century A. D. by the Chinese educationists.

NAPIER՚s BONES

  • As the necessity demanded, scientist started inventing better calculating device.
  • In this process, John Napier՚s of Scotland invented a calculating device, in the year 1617 called the Napier Bones.
  • In the device, Napier has used the bone rods, these rods that one can do addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division easily.
Illustration: Generation and Classification of Computer for NET, IAS, State-SET (KSET, WBSET, MPSET, Etc.) , GATE, CUET, Olympiads Etc

Pascal Calculator

In the year 1642, Blaise Pascal a French scientist invented an adding machine called Pascal՚s calculator, which represents the help position of digit with the help of gears in it.

Illustration: Generation and Classification of Computer for NET, IAS, State-SET (KSET, WBSET, MPSET, Etc.) , GATE, CUET, Olympiads Etc

Leibniz Calculator

In the year 1671, a German mathematics, Gottfried Leibniz modified the Pascal calculator and he developed a machine which could perform various calculation based on multiplication and division as well.

Illustration: Generation and Classification of Computer for NET, IAS, State-SET (KSET, WBSET, MPSET, Etc.) , GATE, CUET, Olympiads Etc

Analytical Engine

  • In the year 1833, a scientist from England knows to be Charles Babbage invented such a machine.
  • This device was called Analytical engine and it deemed the first mechanical computer.
  • For this great invention of the computer, Sir Charles Babbage is also known as the father of the computer.
Illustration: Generation and Classification of Computer for NET, IAS, State-SET (KSET, WBSET, MPSET, Etc.) , GATE, CUET, Olympiads Etc
Illustration: Generation and Classification of Computer for NET, IAS, State-SET (KSET, WBSET, MPSET, Etc.) , GATE, CUET, Olympiads Etc
Table Supporting: Generation and Classification of Computer for NET, IAS, State-SET (KSET, WBSET, MPSET, Etc.) , GATE, CUET, Olympiads Etc
GenerationHardware FeatureCharacteristicsSystem names
First

(1942 - 1959)

Vacuum Tubes

Punch Cards

Support machine language only.

Very costly

Generate lot of heat

Consumed lot of electricity

  • ENIAC
  • EDVAC
  • TBM 701
Second

(1959 - 1965)

Transistor

Magnetic Tapes

Batch operating system

Faster, smaller and reliable than previous generation

Costly

  • Honeywell 400
  • CDC 1604
  • IBM 7030
Third

(1965 - 1975)

ICs

Large capacity disk and Magnetic Tapes

Time Sharing OS

Faster, smaller and reliable cheaper

Easier to update

  • IBM 360⟋370
  • CDC 600
  • PDP 8⟋11
Fourth

(1975 - 1988)

ICs with VLSI Technology

Semiconductor Memory

Magnetic tapes and floppy as portable

Multiprocessing & GUI OS

Object oriented programs

Small, affordable, easy to Use

Easier to update

  • Apple II
  • VAX 9000
  • CRAY 1⟋2
Fifth

(1988-Present)

ICs with ULSI Technology

Large capacity hard disk with RAID Support

Optical disks as portable read-only storage media

Powerful servers, internet, Cluster computing

Powerful, cheaper, reliable, easy to use, portable

Rapid software development possible

  • IBM
  • Pentium
  • PARAM

Classification of Computer

Classification on working system

  • Historically computers were classified according to processor types because development in processor and processing speeds were the developmental benchmarks.
  • All modern computers and computing devices use microprocessors whose speeds and storage capacities are skyrocketing day by day.
Illustration: Generation and Classification of Computer for NET, IAS, State-SET (KSET, WBSET, MPSET, Etc.) , GATE, CUET, Olympiads Etc