Architecture, Harappan, Mauryan, Shunga β Satavahana, Gupta Period, Cave Architecture
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Harappan
- Drainage system
- Rectangular intersecting roads
- Sanitary system
Mauryan
- Monolithic Pillars
- Finely carved capitols β Bull capitol and Sarnath capitol
- Stupas start during this period β 4 gateways
- Surface built with bricks
- Viharas and Chaityas
- Barabar Caves
Shunga β Satavahana
- Early classic architecture
- Carved railings and gateways around Buddhist shrines
Kushans
- Sculpture developed
- The emperor himself was a divine authority
- Buddha was first time given a human form during this time
Gupta Period
- Beginning of Hindu temples β temple at Deoghar, Udayagiri caves in Orissa
- Vaishnavite temple in Vidisha
Pallavas
- Mandaps, Rathas and finely carved panels and pillars
- Shore temple at Mahabs is a structural temple
- Ratha temple is a rock cut temple
- Kanchipuram also has temples
- Panels depict shiva as Nataraja
- History of Pallavas
Cholas
- Thanjavur Temple: 65 m tall vimana
- Pillared halls and sculptures depicting BharataΥs natyashastra
- Fine paintings
Pandyas
- Built high outer walls and gopuram
- Their gopurams can be seen from long distances
Hoysalas
- Belur and Halebid temples
- Profusion of manifold pillars with rich and intricate carvings
- Panels depict gods and goddesses
Orissa Templ
- Lingaraj temple
- 40 m high
- Sun Temple
Nagara, Dravida and Vesara
Table 1
Nagara | Dravida | Vesara |
---|---|---|
Temples called PRASADAM | Combination of Dravida and Nagara (Chalukyas) . | |
Shikhara is curvilinear | Shikhara pyramidal | |
No role of pillar | Pillar important | |
No tank | Tank may be there | |
No enclosure | Enclosure and gopuram | |
Vimana | ||
Mahadeva Temple | Brihadeshwara | Eg Some in Khajuraho, Sirpur etc |
Cave Architecture
Progressed in three phases
- Buddhist Jain Ajivikas caves (3rd BC to 2nd AD)
- Kaneri, Nashik, Udayagiri
- Ajanta Ellora Cave (5th to 7th AD)
- Elephanta Ellora and Mahabs (7th to 10th)
Sculpture
Two major schools
- Gandhara
- Greco-Roman Style
- North West India
- Stone and stucco
- Mathura
- Indigenous style
- UP, Bihar
- White spotted red sandstone used
- Forms of Brahmanical deities crystallised for the first time in this art form
Themes of Buddha and Bodhisattvas in Both