History of Chemistry Antoine Lavoisier John Dalton YouTube Lecture Handouts

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History of Chemistry: Lavoisier, Dalton, Pasteur, Berzelius, Mendeleev, Nobel, Rutherford, Bohr, Curie

History of Chemistry

Antoine Lavoisier (1743 - 1794)

Illustration: Antoine Lavoisier (1743 - 1794)
  • Developed metric system to ensure uniform weights and measures.
  • Stated the Law of Conservation of Mass.
  • In 1787, Lavoisier published “Methods of Chemical Nomenclature,” which included the rules for naming chemical compounds.

John Dalton (1766 - 1844)

Illustration: John Dalton (1766 - 1844)
  • Known for development of modern atomic theory
  • He gave the Law of Multiple Proportions and the Law of Partial Pressures.
Illustration: John Dalton (1766 - 1844)

Jöns Jacob Berzelius (1779 - 1848)

He developed the modern system of symbols and formulae. He also analysed numerous chemical compounds and discovered elements silicon, selenium, thorium, and cerium.

Louis Pasteur (1822 - 1895)

Illustration: Louis Pasteur (1822 - 1895)
  • He found that microorganisms cause the spoilage of food and it can be prevented by destroying those microorganisms.
  • He developed a process called pasteurization, which involves heating milk, and other beverages to kill the harmful microorganisms present in them

Dmitri Mendeleev (1834 - 1907)

Illustration: Dmitri Mendeleev (1834 - 1907)
  • Russian scientist who classified the elements and developed the first periodic table. He found recurring pattern, or periodicity, of properties within groups of elements.
  • Built up a systematic periodic table of all the 66 elements-known at that time based on their atomic masses.
  • Predicted the locations within the table of unknown elements together with their properties.
  • Predicted the likely properties of three yet-to-be-discovered elements: scandium, gallium and germanium.

Alfred Bernhard Nobel (1833 - 1896)

Illustration: Alfred Bernhard Nobel (1833 - 1896)

He was Swedish chemist, who invented dynamite. He also founded the prestigious Nobel Prize.

Niels Henrik David Bohr (1885 - 1962)

Illustration: Niels Henrik David Bohr (1885 - 1962)

He was Danish physicist who made contributions in understanding the structure of an atom.

Ernest Rutherford (1871 - 1937)

Illustration: Ernest Rutherford (1871 - 1937)

He was a British physicist who discovered Atomic nucleus.

Marie Sktodowska Curie (1867 - 1934)

Illustration: Marie Sktodowska Curie (1867 - 1934)

Known for her pioneering research in She is radioactivity. She discovered radium.

Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley (1887 - 1915)

Illustration: Henry Gwyn Jeffreys Moseley (1887 - 1915)

English physicist, who is known for atomic number and Moseley՚s law

Prafulla Chandra Ray (1861 - 1944)

Illustration: Prafulla Chandra Ray (1861 - 1944)

Indian chemist who set up the first chemical factory in India, which later became the Bengal Chemical and Pharmaceutical Works Ltd.

Har Gobind Khorana (1922 - 2011)

Illustration: Har Gobind Khorana (1922 - 2011)
  • Indian-American biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in 1968
  • Demonstrated how the nucleotides in nucleic acids control the synthesis of proteins.

Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao (1934)

Illustration: Chintamani Nagesa Ramachandra Rao (1934)
  • He has worked mainly in solid state and
  • Structural chemistry.
  • Passion: Nanotechnology

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