Hard and Heavy Water, Climate and Weather, Cardiac and Skeletal Muscles
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Hard Water
- Hard water is that type of water which does not form lather easily.
- Its formula is .
- Hard water is not used in nuclear power plants.
Heavy Water
- Heavy water is deuterium oxide in which hydrogen of water is replaced by its heavier isotope, Deuterium.
- The formula of heavy water is .
- Heavy water is used in nuclear power plants.
Climate & Weather
Climate
Climate is the normal weather conditions for an area during a season or a year. ii Climate of an area is described by means of an average means of an average of the statistics of the various weather factors over a period of time, normally 30-years.
Weather
- Weather is the condition of the atmosphere at any one place and time.
- Weather is described by air, temperature and humidity, wind speed and direction, cloud amount and precipitation, sunshine and visibility.
Cardiac & Skeletal Muscles
Cardiac Muscles
- Cardiac muscles are present in the heart only.
- They have centrally placed nuclei.
- They never fatigue.
- They are composed of long fibers.
- They are under involuntary control.
Skeletal Muscles
- Skeletal muscles are present in the skeleton of the body.
- Nuclei are not centrally placed in skeletal muscle.
- They can fatigue.
- They are not composed of long fibers.
- They are under voluntary control.
Haze & Smog
Haze
- The dust particle smoke etc. that may be visible in atmosphere close to the earth՚s surface is known as Haze.
- It does not affect natural visibility.
- It does not occur particularly near coastal areas.
Smog
- It is a mixture of solid and liquid fog as well as particles of smoke. It is formed when humidity is high.
- Smog reduces visibility.
- It occurs near coastal areas.
Enzyme & Hormone
Enzyme
- These are organic catalysts produced in the protoplasm of all living cells.
- These are mostly protein in nature.
- They control all biochemical reactions of the cell.
- These are present in all cells and show their activity there.
Hormone
- These are organic substances produced in places away from their functional sites.
- These are mostly acids.
- They promote and inhibit growth, flowering, sex expression, etc.
- These are mobile. They are produced at one site and show their activities at other sites.
Igneous & Sedimentary Rocks
Igneous Rocks
- Igneous rocks are formed when magma (or molten rocks) has cooled down and solidified.
- Igneous rocks are commonly found inside the Earth՚s crust or mantle,
- Igneous rocks can be an important source of minerals,
- Examples of Igneous rocks include granite and basalt.
Sedimentary Rocks
- Sedimentary rocks are formed by the accumulation of other eroded substances, ii Sedimentary rocks are usually found in water bodies sea, oceans etc. .
- Sedimentary rocks, or their bedding structure, are mostly used in civil engineering; for the construction of housing, roads, tunnels, canals etc. iv Examples of Sedimentary rocks include shale, limestone and sandstone.
- OR What is the difference between Igneous Rocks and Sedimentary Rocks? - Igneous rocks are formed from molten liquid minerals called magma, while sedimentary rocks are formed from lithification (cementing, compacting and hardening) of existing rocks.
- Igneous rocks are non-porous for water, while sedimentary rocks are porous to the water. That is water cannot penetrate through igneous rocks but can through sedimentary rocks.
- Igneous rocks are having fossils very rarely, while sedimentary rocks are rich in fossils.
- Igneous rocks are harder than sedimentary rocks.
- Tendency to react with acids is higher to sedimentary rocks when compared to igneous rocks.
- Igneous rocks may be light or dark colored, while sedimentary rocks have great color variety.
Producers & Consumers
Producers
Producers are organisms that make their own food through photosynthesis or other reactions and are a food source for other organisms (ex. plants, extremophile benthos communities) .
Consumers
Consumers are organisms that ingest other organisms, like plants, in order to gain energy (ex. herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and derivers) .