NET, IAS, State-SET (KSET, WBSET, MPSET, etc.), GATE, CUET, Olympiads etc.: Indian Geography Soil Erosion
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IAS Mains Geography Optional 2014 Solutions
Soil Erosion
Factors Influencing Soil Erosion
- Rainfall
- Slope of topography
- Vegetation
- Tillage
- Nature of the soil
- Soil moisture
- Wind velocity
Causes of Soil Erosion
- Deforestation
- Faulty cultivation methods
- Shifting cultivation
- Overgrazing
- Diversion of natural drainage channels by railway embankments and roads Lack of proper surface drainage
- Forest fires
Effects of Soil Erosion
Loss of top soil Harmful effects of erosion on organic matter and soil structure.
Decline in soil capacity Depostion of sand and gravel on agricultural land
Flooding of streams
Methods to Check Soil Erosion
- Biological Measures Improving the existing surface cover Strip cropping Crop rotation Stubble mulching Vegetative binding Using organic manures Other measures (checking overgrazing, reducing surplus cattle, stripping shifting cultivation and taking preventative measures against forest fires)
- Mechanical Measures: Contour tillage, Contour bunding , Terracing, Constructing proper drainage channels and plugging the gullies, Basin lifting, Water harvesting, Scientific slope management.