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NCERT Class 6 History Chapter 10: Traders, Pilgrims & Kings

NCERT Class 6 History

Chapter 10: Traders, Kings and Pilgrims

  • South India: Gold, spices, pepper, & precious stones
  • Roman Empire: Pepper – black gold
Illustration: Chapter 10: Traders, Kings and Pilgrims
  • Muvendar (3 chiefs) – head of 3 families – Cholas, Cheras & Pandyas (2300 yrs ago) – each with 2 centers (1 inland & 1 port)
  • Cholas Port - Puhar or Kaveripattinam
  • Cholas Capital - Uraiyur
  • Pandyas Capital – Madurai
  • Pandyas Port – Korkai
  • Cheras Capital – Vanji
  • Cheras Port - Tondi & Musiri
Illustration: Chapter 10: Traders, Kings and Pilgrims

Sangam Period

  • No regular tax
  • Tribute from neighboring area
  • Kept some wealth & distributed rest
  • Poems in praise of chief & were rewarded

Satavahanas

  • In West India
  • Ruler - Gautamiputra Shri Satakarni (about him from inscription by his mother - Gautami Balashri)
  • Kings called as dakshinapatha (route leading to south)
  • 1st ruler – Simuka
  • Last ruler – Yajnasri Satakarni

Silk Route

Illustration: Silk Route

Kushanas

  • Best ruler of Silk Route period – 2000 yrs ago
  • Peshawar and Mathura – center of power
  • Taxila – included
  • Branch extended till Indus R. – shipped west to Rome
  • Earliest to issue gold coins – used for trade
  • Major ruler – Kanishka (1900 yrs ago)
Illustration: Kushanas

Buddhism

  • Kanishka – Buddhists Council
  • Ashvaghosha (poet) : Composed biography of Buddha (Buddhacharita) lived in his court – Wrote in Sanskrit
  • Mahayana Buddhism – Statues of Buddha (Mathura, Taxila) – before it was signs like peepal tree.
  • Bodhisattvas – Attain enlightment (isolation & meditate) rather remain in world & teach in C. Asia, Korea, Japan & China
  • Spread to West & South – caves carved out – kings, queens and merchants
  • Spread to Southeast – Myanmar, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Indonesia – Theravada Buddhism
Illustration: Buddhism

Pilgrims

  • Journey to holy places
  • Fa Xian (1600 yrs ago) – Chinese Buddhist Pilgrims
  • Xuan Zang (1400 yrs ago)
  • I-Qing

Bhakti

  • Word “Bhaj” meaning divide or share
  • Devotee – Bhakta/Bhagvata shares bhaga (good fortune)
  • Hinduism: Shiva, Vishnu & Durga
  • Anybody – rich or poor, high or low caste, man or woman
  • Given in Bhagvad Gita, Mahabharata
  • Krishna – Asks to abandon dharma & take refuge in him
  • Moved to individual worship from elaborate sacrifices
  • If devotee worship with pure heart, deity will appear
  • Appar: Shiva Bhakta - 1400 yrs ago & was vellala

Christianity

  • 2000 yrs ago in West Asia
  • Christ born in Bethlehem (part of Roman Empire)
  • Savior of the world
  • Treat others as you want yourselves to be treated
  • Spread to West Asia, Africa and Europe
  • In Kerala - Syrian Christians (amongst oldest Christian communities in the world)

Manishika