Concept Attainment - Part 1 YouTube Lecture Handouts
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Concepts: Simultaneous & Successive Scanning, Conservative Focusing & Focus Gambling
- Concepts are part of thinking
- Learning concept is like problem solving β we must think in order to learn concepts
- Concept cannot be formed by seeing a single instance β red toy box (red can be toy or box or apple β¦)
- Person must see many examples before confirming or denying a hypothesis about concept
- Concept learning (simple or complex) is slow process
3 Elements of Concepts
- Examples (positive and negative) which contain all the characteristic features or essential attributes in them
- Attributes (essential and non-essential) are the features of objects. Essential attributes are the common features of the concepts
- Attribute value is the specific content of that category
Types of Concepts
- Conjunctive concepts are defined by the joint presence of several attributes.
- Disjunctive concepts require the presence of some attributes and the absence of others.
- Relational concepts have several attributes, but these bear some kind of relationship to one another
- 81 cards
Features | 3 values for each feature |
---|---|
Borders | 1 to 3 |
Shapes | Circle, Cross, Square |
Number of Objects | 1 to 3 |
Color | Red, Green, Black |
- Can create 255 hypothesis
- Conjunctive concepts β joint presence of two or more features (zebra as mammal β of size and shape of horse found in wild)
4 Strategies for Concept Attainment
Simultaneous Scanning
- Subject rationally uses information to eliminate several hypotheses and rationally thinks that remaining hypotheses can be true.
- Eliminate all but correct hypothesis and leaves subjects with fewest choices.
- Requires better reasoning and memory of positive and negative instances
- Does not provide way to control the riskiness of choices
- All red cards, all cards with circles and all red circles
β Manishika