NET, IAS, State-SET (KSET, WBSET, MPSET, etc.), GATE, CUET, Olympiads etc.: Characteristics of Development Administration
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- Goal-orientation/result-orientation: Achieving progress in social, economic, political and cultural goals.
- Content Orientation: Traditionally, development referred to economic growth. However it was realized that economic development without social equity, political stability and administrative capability is meaningless. Thus, development is multidimensional in content.
- Commitment: Passion for oneีs work for development; high morale and motivation in work situation to achieve the developmental goals.
- Change Orientation: Development means change. It is anti-status-quoist. It is induced and planned change.
- Progress-Orientation: Development means a desirable and forward movement.
- Time Orientation: Development has reference to the future. The envisioned future is to be attained in a definite time frame. It brings in the need for planning.
- Attitudinal Orientation: Development necessitates an optimistic, empathetic, entrepreneurial and democratic personality.
- Effective coordination: Achieving coordination between the multiple specialised units and programmes involved in the developmental tasks.
- Freedom or capability Orientation: Amartya Sen believes development is indexed by growing freedom or capability of people to participate in the economy; freedom of political expression and participation; freedom of access to education and health; freedom to information and security.
- Interface Orientation: It is the latest approach to development. It believes development is integration of economic development and human development. The two should not be seen as mutually exclusive.
- Client orientation: Meeting the needs of the specific target groups like small farmers, children and so on:
- Citizen-participative orientation: Enlisting popular support and involvement in the formulation and implementation of development programmes.
- Innovativeness: Devising new structures and processes to achieve goals.
- Ecological perspective: Interaction between bureaucracy and its social, economic and political environment.
- Responsiveness: Responding to popular needs and demands, satisfaction of people is yardstick of performance