Psychology Most Important Questions with Answers on GRE Psychology Diagnostic Pretest Part 10

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129. According to the US Surgeon General, the most preventable cause of illness and premature death is:

(A) Abuse of alcohol.

(B) Abuse of drugs.

(C) Smoking.

(D) Dietary fat.

(E) Lack of exercise.

Answer: C

130. Artificial intelligence (AI) :

(A) Refers to neural networks in computers.

(B) Refers to flaws in IQ testing uncovered by modern computer analysis.

(C) Accommodates for differential rates of learning among computer users.

(D) Bases computer algorithms on models of human thought.

(E) Substitutes computers for animals as research subjects.

Answer: D

131. An occasional complication of obesity is upper airway obstruction which can lead to a syndrome characterized by sleep disturbances, irregular nocturnal heartbeat, and snoring. This syndrome is called:

(A) Agnosia.

(B) Narcolepsy.

(C) Amenorrhea.

(D) Arrhythmia.

(E) Apnea.

Answer: E

132. At last year՚s Thanksgiving dinner you surprised yourself with how much of the delicious meal you were able to put away. The satisfied feeling you experienced is due in large part to the action of the:

(A) Endocrine system.

(B) Hypothalamus.

(C) Basal ganglia.

(D) Limbic system.

(E) Thalamus.

Answer: D

133. Which of the following is not a stimulant?

(A) Caffeine

(B) Nicotine

(C) Barbiturates

(D) Cocaine

(E) Amphetamines

Answer: C

134. An art therapist encourages clients to express feeling of frustration in their art work. The clients are engaging in:

(A) Sublimation.

(B) Catharsis.

(C) Displacement.

(D) Projection.

(E) Behavioral identification.

Answer: B

135. Obesity is difficult to overcome because:

(A) It is associated with well-being in many minority cultures, although not in the majority US culture.

(B) Most commercial weight-loss programs misdirect attention from basic glandular problems.

(C) Metabolic needs decrease as dieting continues, absent other lifestyle changes.

(D) Fat cells require continued caloric maintenance; otherwise they secrete insulin.

(E) It is now generally accepted that obesity is genetic.

Answer: C

136. According to Bem՚s theory, gender identity:

(A) Is a product of both nature and nurture.

(B) Is influenced primarily by hormonal balance in utero.

(C) Is more cognitive than biological.

(D) Derives from imitation of the same-sex parent.

(E) Is the product of environmental reinforcement history.

Answer: C

137. As we age, the cognitive ability that declines most is the ability to:

(A) Recall new information.

(B) Remember small details.

(C) Judge the importance of events in daily life.

(D) Learn new information.

(E) Use new information.

Answer: A

138. The adage that best describes the usual trend in cognitive abilities as we age is:

(A) It only gets worse from here.

(B) Use it or lose it.

(C) The older we get, the wiser we get.

(D) there՚s so fool like an old fool.

(E) You can՚s teach and old dog new tricks.

Answer: B

139. Fisher՚s contribution to experimental design was:

(A) Inductive analysis.

(B) Correlational analysis.

(C) Validity testing.

(D) The use of critical ratios.

(E) Hypothesis testing.

Answer: E

140. Hormones that penetrate cell membranes to activate or inhibit structures are:

(A) Steroids.

(B) Peptides.

(C) Neurotransmitters.

(D) ACTH.

(E) Testosterone.

Answer: A

141. Advocates of “recovered memories” suggest that later in life victims of childhood sexual abuse develop:

(A) Hysterical personality.

(B) Schizophrenia.

(C) Dependent personality.

(D) Sexual paraphrenia.

(E) Multiple personality.

Answer: E

142. The notions of an inferiority complex and compensatory behaviors are associated with:

(A) Adler.

(B) Horney.

(C) Rogers.

(D) Rank.

(E) Jung.

Answer: A

143. The effect of touch by caretakers/handlers on neonate humans and many animal species is:

(A) No obvious systemic changes.

(B) The retardation of physical growth.

(C) The stimulation of physical growth.

(D) The retardation of social attachment.

(E) Social ostracism by cage-mates.

Answer: C