Vedic Literature - Tvasta and Ritvij
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Tvasta: First Distributors
- According to Sayana, who has written commentary on Rig Veda: Saneru means distribution or Sambhaktra; Sanugi was woman distributor; vajasati mentioned distribution of foods
- Asvins used to protect from wolf (vrka)
- Parivesaka was the distributor of food in Atharvaveda
- Vrata means custom and conduct, it also means race called Panchavrata
- Khadira or Khair also called Kattha was commonly found.
- Babul most common.
- Simsapa mentioned in Atharvaveda.
- Skandhavaras means military camps
- Atranjikhera, Hastinapur were Painted Grey Ware sites.
- 7 types of brick found in Taittiriya samhita, 9 in Kathaka samhita, 11 in Maitrayani samhita
- Royal share was 1⟋12 to 1⟋ 10 of the produce.
- According to Gautama royal share in me beginning was 1⟋12 but gradually reduced to l⟋6m.
- Vaisya were mostly agriculturist called Balihrt or Balikrt.
- Ananyasukham (indebtedness) , Jumgita (untouchables) , Aghnya (not to be killed) ,
Ritvij
- Specialists who participated in the yajna and helped in its completion
- There were four types of Ritvij each for the four Vedas:
- Hotra Rigveda
- Adhvaryu Yajurveda
- Udgatra Samveda
- Brahmana Atharvaveda
- First convert to monasticism were 5 persons called the Panchvargiya bhikshu who converted and formed the basis of monks:
- Yasa, first
- Vimala
- Subahu
- Purnjina
- Gavampati
- The Maruts are regarded to be sons of Rudra, but tiiey became the companions of Indra and are called Indrasakha.
- Rig Veda has tribal character: Important heads: Caidya of Kasu,
- Ugra and Jivagrbha (to deal with criminals) , Madh-yamasi (mediator of disputes)
- Vedas are also known as Shruti (to hear) .
- Each Veda has three parts:
- Samhita meaning mantra.
- Brahmana meaning Chapter (Each chapter deals with different people) .
- Aryanaka meaning Appendix (Called thus as they were compiled in the forests) .