7 Elements of Weather: Temperature, Cloud, Wind, Sunshine, Pressure, Humidity, Precipitation
7 Elements of Weather: Temperature, Cloud, Wind, Sunshine, Pressure, Humidity, Precipitation YouTube Lecture Handouts Part 1
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Title: Weather & Climate
- Weather forecast by meteorological department on radio, TV
- Weather instruments gather data based on weather maps β ships, weather rockets, weather balloons and weather satellites
- GEOS β Geostationary operational environmental satellites (GOES) β continuously monitor conditions of tornado, flash floods, hailstorms,
- Weather
- Small area
- Short time
- Change frequently
- Day to day conditions with regard to temperature, humidity, wind, pressure, rainfall
- Climate
- Large area
- Long time
- Average weather conditions
- Time of 20 to 30 years
7 Elements of Weather
Weather - Temperature
- How hot or cold
- Depends on latitude, altitude, distance from sea, terrain, soil, ocean current, wind, time of day, vegetation
Weather: Pressure
- Atm pressure is pressure exerted by weight of atmosphere on earth surface β varies with time and place
- Occurs due to differential heating β cause movement of wind which serves as means of transporting heat and moisture
- Pressure at point is determined by temperature and density
- Atmospheric pressure decreases with increase in altitude and also inversely proportional to temperature
- Measured by mercury barometer
- Standard pressure is 29.92 inches or 76 cm of Mercury column
Weather: Wind
- Wind direction affects temperature
- Winds from warm areas will increase temperature
Weather: Humidity
- Amount of water vapor in atmosphere
- Absolute humidity β actual amount of water vapor in the atmosphere β in gm/cubic meters
- Relative humidity β ratio of actual amount of water vapor to the total amount air can hold at a given temperature β in %
Weather: Precipitation
- Water in liquid or solid form falling on earth
- Snow, hail, rain, sleet, drizzle
- Explained as deposition of atmospheric moisture and important part of hydrological cycle
Weather: Sunshine
- Sunshine is determined at latitude, amount of cloud cover and seasons
- Places near tropics have higher sunshine
- Summers have longer hours of sunshine
- Haze, mist and fog reduce sunshine
Weather: Clouds
- Cloud is mass of water droplets or ice crystals that float in air
- When temperature is below dew point water condenses into droplets such as dust or smoke β called as condensation nuclei β help to form clouds
- Cloud appears white because droplet and crystals scatter light
- When cloud block sunlight they appear grey
- Cirrus β feathery at 5 to 10 km β tiny ice crystals like wisps of cotton floating in sky
- Cumulus β cauliflower like - great vertical height and flat base β cause lightning or thunder β white or grey in color.
- Stratus β sheet like clouds β low level 2 km high β grey and dull
- Nimbus β real rain clouds, thick, dark, black and cause continuous rains
Weather Instruments
Weather instruments collect climate data and help prepare maps and charts. It is observed by:
- Temperature- Thermometer - /
- Atmospheric Pressure -Barometer -Millibars
- Wind (Direction) -Wind Vane -Cardinal points
- Wind (Velocity) - Anemometer -Km/hr
- Rainfall -Rain Gauge- mm/cm
- Humidity β wet and dry thermometer
- Sunshine - sundials
β Manishika