Health Lifestyle and Chronic Diseases Psychology YouTube Lecture Handouts
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Health lifestyle and chronic Diseases
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Hypertension
What is Hypertension?
- It is a condition in which the blood supply to the vessels is excessive.
- It is symptomless and risk factor for heart disease, kidney failure or stroke.
- It can occur when cardiac output is too high
- If left untreated it affects cognitive functioning, learning, memory, attention, abstract reasoning, mental flexibility, etc.
Causes of Hypertension
- Failure of kidney to regulate blood pressure.
- Low socioeconomic status
- Genetic factors – study done by T. W. Smith et al. , 1987
- Emotional factors
- Stress
- Psychosocial factors
How Can We Measure Hypertension?
- It is assessed by levels of –
- systolic blood pressure &
- diastolic blood pressure
- Measured by sphygmomanometer
- Normal b. p. should be under 120
- Mild hypertension: 140 - 159
- Moderate hypertension: 160 - 179
- Severe hypertension: above 180
- People at risk show less recovery following sympathetic arousal.
How Can We Treat Hypertension?
- Common and most effective treatment is diuretics.
- Low sodium diet
- Reduction of alcohol intake
- Weight control
- Caffeine restrictions
- Drug treatment –
- 1. beta adrenergic blockers
- 2. Central adrenergic inhibitors.
- 3. Peripheral adrenergic inhibitors.
- 4. Alpha adrenergic blockers
- Cognitive behavioral therapy – Biofeedback, Progressive muscle relaxation, hypnosis, meditation or exercise.
- Deep breathing, self-reinforcement, self-calming talk, time management, etc.
Multiple Choice Questions
1. What is the range of moderate hypertension?
Ans – 160 - 179
2. Which instrument is used to measure hypertension?
Ans – Sphygmomanometer
3. What is the most common method of treatment of hypertension?
Ans – Diuretics
4. Does hypertension have any particular set of symptoms?
Ans – Hypertension is symptomless unlike other Chronic Diseases.
Chapters
0: 00 Hypertension
0: 14 What Is Hypertension?
0: 56 Causes of Hypertension
3: 22 How Can We Measure Hypertension?
4: 28 How Can We Treat Hypertension?
6: 27 MCQ about Hypertension
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✍ Manishika