Competitive Exams: Revision Terminology Part 16

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Monomer chromatin Nu – bodies = nucleosomes = V-Bodies.
Heterochromatin – near nuclear envelope. Tightly coiled.
Euchromatin – cortex of nuclear loosely coiled.
r-RNA produced in nucleolus (joined together by nucleonema)
Nucleoid – absence of histone protein, no DNA – histone complex exits but due to high concentration of the polyamine. It neutralizes the anionic of each nucleotide (inter) phosphate of DNA.
Endoplasmic reticulum R – 2 Specific glycoprotein called ribophorins are present In ER membrane.
ER – Fragmented into small vesicles = microsomes
SER – Cholesterol, Ca²⁺ from cytosol to permit relaxation of myofibrils following centralizer
Major phospholipid in ER = lecithin (phosphotidycholine)
Liver – RER + SER – detoxification of antigens.
RER + SER – develop at telophase stage of cell division
Small ribosome free region of RER = transitional ER.
Golgi bodies = Lipochondrion = Dalton complex = Idiosome = Baker’s Body = Dictyosome
Golgi bodies secretory & absorptive bet nucleus & cell surface in never cell surrounds nucleus.
“Principle director of macromolecular traffic in the cell”.
Cis-face – new cristae
Trans-face – maturing – secretory nucleus
In prokaryotes – Lysosomes are absent
Lipid + Carbohydrate Glycolipids
Lysosome –pH = 5.0
Genetic disease – absence of singe Lysosomes hydrolase – Hurler’s disease – bones are deformed due to accumulation of glucosamine glycan (absence of – Liduroidase engineering)

Types of Lysosome and Peroxisome

Understanding different types of lysosome and peroxisomes
Peroxisome – Photo respiration -> Glycolic acid Oxidase
Lomasomes – between cell wall & plasma lemma in fungal cells.
Glyoxysomes – glycol ate Cycle (isocitrate lyase & malate Synthase) – they Contain catalase & H₂O₂generating glycolic endosperm & cotyledons.
Spherosomes – Fat storing endosperm & Cotyledons.
Ribosomes are lesser in less active cell & more in high active cells.

Types of Ribosomes

Understanding different types of ribosomes
Mitochondria outer membrane sessile part = subunits of parson.
Mitochondria inner membrane – Flovoprotein, Succinic dehydrogenase, Cyt b, C, C₁, a,a₃.
Cells of Germinating seeds – show much larger number of mitochondria.
Engineering DNA polymerase in found in matrix- it shows that mitochondrial DNA is independently synthesis in mitochondria
ATPase participates in final step of Oxidative phosphorylation.
Chloroplast outer member is C4 Plants – grana are absent.
Chl. a – CH₃ group – all photosynthetic organism (except bacteria).
Chl. b – CH₀ group – higher plant, green algae
Chl. c – brown algae
Chl. d – red algae –
Chl. e – yellow green algae – phaxanthin
Chloroplast are extremely fragile osmotically, so intact chloroplast are isolated from green leaves using sugar solution.
Crystalloid – Contain N₂ as amide (asparagine + glutamine).
Globoid – double phosphate of Ca & Mg
canada Balsam – permanent microscopic slide = oleoresin.
If both generic names & specific names are same – Tautoyms.
Holotype – one specimen designated by author as nomenclatural type.
Isotype - duplicate of holotype – another specimen collected at same tines
Lectotype – Specimen from the original to serve the nomenclatural type when no holotype was designated at time of publication/ missing
Meotype – Specimen Selected to serve as nomenclatural type as long as all the material of which the name of taxon was base is missing.
Organism Belonging to same taxa are believed to have same ancestor – as family tree cladogram
A family tree based on phonetic classification = Dendrogram
Monera came 1^st from which evolved eukaryotic Protista
Division SubdivisionClassSuborderfamily tribe genus species varietyform
Binomial nomenclature – Gaspard Bauhin.
Protista = unicellular eukaryotes.