NET, IAS, State-SET (KSET, WBSET, MPSET, etc.), GATE, CUET, Olympiads etc.: Revision Terminology Part 53
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Urine
1. Glomerulor filtration β passive
2. Selective reabsorption β active + diffusion
3. Tubular secretion DCT & collecting tube β active only
Glomerular filtrate & plama proteins are similar except it does not have protein & fat.
PCT β active transport β 75% absorbed (glucose, AA, vitamin C, Ca2 + , K+ , Na+ ) .
A- = passive
Descending limb of loop of Henle β reabsorbed due to Osmolality β impermeable to ions.
Ascending limb of loop of Henle β Impermeable to water (active second of Na+ , K+ , Cl-)
High threshold substance β substance which are actively absorbed by blood eg. Glucose.
Non-threshold substance β Creatinine, Hoppuric acid.
Na+ Pass out passively.
Fruits β increment acidity.
Vegetable β increment alkalinity
Counter current exchange β Vasa Recta.
Counter current exchange β Loop of Henle.
Angiotensinogen βΎ Angiotensin βΎ Stimulate aldestrore to increment reabsorption of Na+ in nephrons - Kidney.
Rennin β digestion of milk proteins β stomach.
ADH βΎ Diabets insidipus β urine tasteless, watery & excess.
Medulla Cortex
Cortex Medulla
Nephrology β Kidnegs.
Urology β Urinary tract.
Diucetice - urine β disod. Citrate, glucose, caffien, tea, beverages.
Archinephros β larva of Hagfish.
Pronephros β Cyclostomates, Bony fish, embryo, of fish & amphibian.
Mesonephros β anaminotes β fisher & Amphibians.
Glucose C2H5oH + Co2 alcoholic fermentation
Glucose Lactic acid lactic acid fermentation.
Photosynthesis β anabolic, endergonic, chloroplast.
Respiration β catabolic, Cytoplasma, matrix, exergonic.
Book lung β Scorpion, spider.
Labeo fish β 4 pair of gills.
Book gills β Limulus.
Internal gills β Prawn, unio, pila, fish, tadpole of frog.
Resp region of nasal chamber β pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
False vocal cord β outer, no sound.
True vocal cord β inner, sound prod β greater the tension β higher pitch.
Alveoli β sqvamous epithelium miniature lung.
Pharynx β stratified squamous ep.
Larynx β ciliated columnar ep.
Inspiration β active β diaphragm flat, sternum up & out, Diaphagm & intercosostal mres.
Expiration β passive β diaph ragm conven, sternum down & relax, abdominal & intercosostal mres muscle.
Mammals have negative breathing pr β allow to eat & breath simultarresusly.
Gas diffuses high βΎ Low conc.
RQ =
Oxygen -3% plasma and 97% oxyhaemoglobin.
CO2 - 7% dissolved gas and 70% Bicarbonate
23% Hb & plasma protein
High Po2 & low Pco2 take oxygen in lungs.
High tension of oxygen favour formation of oxyhaemoglobin for muscle hyper β bood.
Inspection Center β M. D dorsal.
Expression Center β mo. ventral + vague.
Pneumotaxic Center β pone varoli dorsal
Laryngitis β disturb vibration of vocal cord & speaking.
Co2 , pH βΎ acidisis.
Decompressor sickness = Bends = Caison disease = Diver paralysis βΎ N2 in seq. water.