Measurement and Evaluation: Types & Standards YouTube Lecture Handouts for NET, IAS, State-SET (KSET, WBSET, MPSET, etc.), GATE, CUET, Olympiads etc. 2023
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Measurement & Evaluation: Difference, Formative & Summative, Criterion & Norm Referenced
Measurement: Collection of information on which decision is based.
- It determines degree to which an individual possess a defined characteristics
- Uses tests with evidence of reliability and validity to secure data essential to evaluation process
Evaluation: Use of measurement in making decisions with goal of improvement.Information is interpreted relative to established standards so that decision can be made & success depends on quality of data.
It is a feedback system to monitor quality of instruction and training
Steps involved
- Collection of data (measurement)
- Judge value of data based on standard
- Make decision based on data
Objective Test: When two or more people who score the same test assign similar scores
Subjective Test: Lacks standardized scoring system and introduces source of measurement error
6 Purpose of Testing That Facilitate Decision Making
- Placement: Group or place students based on abilities
- Diagnosis: Find the weakness
- Evaluation of Achievement: Whether individuals have reached important objectives
- Prediction: Used to predict individual՚s achievement in future activities example, aerobic capacity VO2max assessed during treadmill test can be used to estimate performance on run test
- Program Evaluation: Test results can be used as one piece of evidence to evaluate program
- Motivation: Test scores can be motivating
Types of Evaluation
Formative Evaluation | Summative Evaluation |
---|---|
During instruction | At the end of instruction |
Explicitly defined behavior | Combination of specific behaviors |
Criterion referenced | Norm or Criterion referenced |
Feedback to student and teacher on progress | Certification or grading at the end of the curriculum |
Divide in smaller subunits and evaluate mastery in each | Ability to integrate and apply readings |
Standards of Evaluation
Criterion Referenced: Check if someone has achieved a specific level – used to set performance standards for all
- Performance is compared against standard and individual
- Absolute evaluation
- Measurements are directly interpretable in terms of explicit performance standards
- Use categorical variables like dichotomies (pass-fail, true-false)
- Validity can be judged by contingency table
- Challenge lies in setting appropriate standard
- Negative test implies absence of entity being tested (negative test for heart disease is absence of heart disease)
Norm Referenced: Judge an individual՚s performance in relation to performance of others in the group – used for comparison when situation requires selectivity
- Developed by testing large number of people
- Descriptive statistics is used to develop standards
- Common method is percentile rank
- Relative evaluation
- Use continuous variables
Practice Time
On the basis of summative tests, a teacher is interpreting his⟋her students, performance in terms of their wellness life style evident in behavior. This will be called:
(NET Nov 2017)
(1) Continuous and comprehensive evaluation
(2) Norm - referenced testing
(3) Criterion - referenced testing
(4) Formative testing
Answer: 3
✍ Manishika