Goh Cheng Leong: Chapter 15 YouTube Lecture Handouts Geography
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Goh Cheng Leong Chapter 15: Hot, Wet Equatorial Climate (Physical and Human Geography)
Certificate Physical & Human Geography Goh Cheng Leong
Chapter 15: Hot, Wet Equatorial Climate
Equatorial Region
- Congo, Amazon, Malaysia, East Indies
- Trade Wind β Modified β Monsoonal influence
- Temperature: Uniformity
- How Temperature is moderated?
- Precipitation: 60 - 100 inch β maximum after equinox & least in solistice
Rainfall
- Convectional Rainfall β Afternoon (one afternoon is equal to entire year rainfall in desert)
- Orographic or relief rainfall
- Cyclonic rainfall β convergence of air in Doldrums
Vegetation
- Variety: Evergreen hardwood like mahogany, ebony; small palm trees; climbing lianas β epiphytic or parasitic; ferns, orchids and lalangs
- Distinct Layer: thick canopy, struggle for sunlight
- Multiple Species: No pure strand; Malaysia β 200 species; commercial exploitation is hard; hardwood donΥt float on water and haulage expensive (so tropical nations are timber importers)
- Forest Clearings: lumbering & shifting cultivation β belukar in Mayasia (secondary forest, less trees and dense undergrowth)
Life & Development
- Amazon: Indian Tribes gather wild rubber
- Congo: Pygmies gather nuts
- Mayasia: Orang Asli β cane products
Factors Affecting Development
- Climate: high heat & humidity; sun-stroke; perspire and lose energy; malaria & yellow fever
- Bacteria & insect pests: injurious to crops, diseases; plague
- Jungle hinders development: Lalang (tall grass) & thick undergrowth choke crops β maintain infrastructure at high cost, Congo and Borneo without modern communication lines
- Deterioration of tropical soil:
- Difficult lumbering & livestock farming:
β Manishika