NCERT Class 10 Geography Chapter 5: Mineral and Energy Resources YouTube Lecture Handouts
Download PDF of This Page (Size: 146K) ↧
Get video tutorial on: Examrace YouTube Channel
Watch Video Lecture on YouTube: NCERT Class 10 Geography Chapter 5: Mineral and Energy Resources
NCERT Class 10 Geography Chapter 5: Mineral and Energy Resources
Chapter 5: Minerals & Energy Resources
Why We Need Minerals?
-
Everything from pin to ship
-
Toothpaste - silica, limestone, aluminum oxide and various phosphate
-
Fluoride – reduce cavities
-
Toothpaste are white – titanium oxide (from rutile, ilmenite & anatase)
-
Toothpaste sparkle – mica
-
Tube – made of plastics from petroleum
-
Body requires 0.3% minerals of total nutrients
-
Homogenous, naturally occurring substance with a definable internal structure
-
Hard as diamond & soft as talc (Mohs scale – measure hardness)
Mineral Occur as ORE
-
Rocks are combination of minerals
-
Colors, hardness, crystal forms, lustre and density
-
Igneous and metamorphic rocks minerals – in cracks, crevices, faults or joints.
-
Smaller occurrences are called veins and the larger are called lodes
-
Sedimentary rocks - occur in beds or layers – gypsum, potash & sodium salt
-
Alluvial deposits in valley floor; placer – gold, silver, tin, platinum
-
Ocean water – salt, magnesium, bromine
-
Coal mining – Jowai & Cherrapunjee by long narrow tunnel – Rat hole mining
-
Sedimentary rock in Assam and Gujarat – petroleum deposit

Mineral Occur as ORE for Geography Image - 1
Mineral Occur As ORE For Geography Image - 1
Iron Ore – Ferrous
-
Magnetite is finest – 70% iron – has magnetic property
-
Hematite – lower iron (50-60%) – industrial use
-
Top producer – Karnataka > Orissa > Chhattisgarh
-
Orissa (Badampahar mines in Mayurbhanj & Kendujhar)-Jharkhand belt (Gua & Noamundi mines in Singhbhum): Hematite
-
Durg-Bastar (Bailadila -14 deposits) -Chandrapur belt lies in Chhattisgarh and Maharashtra - Hematite - Exported to Japan & South Korea via Vishakapatnam port.
-
Bellary-Chitradurga-Chikmaglur-Tumkur belt in Karnataka - Kudermukh – 100% export unit and amongst largest in the world. Transported as slurry by pipe to port near Mangalore.
-
Maharashtra (Ratnagiri) -Goa belt - very high quality & exported by Marmagao port
Manganese – Ferrous
-
Used in steel and ferro-manganese alloy
-
10 kg Mn used to make 1 ton steel
-
Used on bleaching powder, insecticide & paint
-
Orissa (1/3rd of total) > MP > Karnataka – production
Copper – Non-Ferrous
-
India is deficient
-
Mainly used in cables, conductors & chemical Ind.
-
Balaghat Mines (MP) – 52% production
-
Singhbhum in Jharkhand
-
Khetri in Rajasthan
Bauxite – Non-Ferrous
-
Ore of Aluminum
-
Decomposition of rocks rich in aluminum silicates
-
Light, conductive and malleable
-
Highest production by Orissa (45% - max. in Panchpatmali in Koratpur), then Gujarat & Jharkhand
-
Amarkantak plateau, Maikal hills and plateau region of Bilaspur-Katni
-
Napoleon III – used button & utensils of Al (lower people used gold & silver), then 30 years later Al used by beggars of France
Mica – Non-Metallic
-
Layered into sheets
-
Di-electric strength, low power loss factor, insulating properties and resistance to high voltage
-
Northern edge of the Chottanagpur plateau.
-
Koderma, Gaya – Hazaribagh belt of Jharkhand
-
Ajmer – Rajasthan
-
Nellore – Andhra Pradesh
Limestone – Rock Minerals
-
Carbonates and sedimentary rocks
-
Used in cement ind. & smelting of iron ore
-
Production order – AP>MP> Raj.
Mining & Conservation
-
Mining – killer industry
-
Pulmonary diseases
-
Water contamination
-
Slurry waste
-
Collapse of roof, inundation and fires
-
Workable deposits – only 1% of crust
-
Replenishment < Consumption
-
Finite and non-renewable resource
-
Recycling of metals
-
Energy saved is energy produced
Energy Resources
-
Conventional – firewood & cattle dung cake (rural -70% energy), coal, petroleum, natural gas and electricity
-
Non-Conventional - solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, biogas & atomic energy
Coal – Fossil Fuel
-
Formed by compression of plants
-
Peat – low carbon, high moisture (decaying in swamps)
-
Lignite – low grade, brown – soft and high moisture (Neyveli – T. Nadu)
-
Bituminous – Buried deep and higher temperature – in commercial use – smelting in blast furnace
-
Anthracite – High quality
Coal Deposits
-
Gondwana (>200 mya): Damodar valley (West Bengal-Jharkhand), Jharia, Raniganj, Bokaro, Godavari, Mahanadi, Son and Wardha valleys
-
Tertiary (< 50 mya): NE states - Meghalaya, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh and Nagaland.
-
Bulky – so heavy ind. & thermal plant near coalfields
Petroleum
-
Nodal industry for fertilizer, textile etc.
-
Called liquid gold
-
With anticlines and fault traps in tertiary rocks
-
In Anticlines - oil is trapped in crest of upfold
-
Fault trap b/w porous & non-porous rock (gas over oil)
-
63% production - Mumbai High, 18% from Gujarat and 16% from Assam
-
Ankeleshwar - Gujarat
-
Assam - oldest oil producing state (Digboi, Naharkatiya and Moran-Hugrijan)
Natural Gas
-
Clean energy
-
With or without petroleum
-
Low CO2 emission
-
Krishna- Godavari basin, Mumbai High, Gulf of Cambay & A & N Is.
-
Compressed Natural Gas (CNG ) for vehicles to replace liquid fuels
-
1700 km pipeline: Hazira (Guj.) -Bijaipur (MP) –Jagdishpur (UP) links Mumbai High and Bassien
-
HBJ - Gas daily to 3 power houses at Kawas (Gujarat), Anta (Rajasthan) and Auraiya (U.P.) & 6 fertilizer plants at Bijapur, Sawai Madhopur, Jagdishpur, Shahjahanpur, Aonla and Babrala
Electricity
-
Thermal – Use coal, petrol & gas
-
Hydel – Bhakra Nangal, Damodar etc.
-
Nuclear – Uranium & thorium form Jharkhand & Aravallis; monazite from Kerala (thorium)
Non-Conventional
-
Solar – Sun – Madhapur in Bhuj (sterilize milk can)
-
Wind - Tamil Nadu (Nagarcoil to Madurai), AP, Karnataka, Gujarat, Kerala, Maharashtra, Lakshadweep & Jaisalmer
-
Biogas – Gobar gas – kerosene, dung cake, charcoal
-
Tidal – Gulf of Kuchchh
-
Geothermal - Parvati valley near Manikaran in HP & Puga Valley, Ladakh
Tough Go! Race to Be 100% Renewable
-
Sweden – Aim to be 1st nation to 100% fossil fuel free
-
Costa Rica - carbon-neutral by 2021
-
Nicaragua – 90% by 2020
-
Scotland – mainly wind – meet 97% household needs
-
Germany – leads in solar – met 78% household needs
-Manishika