NCERT Class 11 Geography Part 1 Chapter 5: Minerals and Rocks YouTube Lecture Handouts
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NCERT Class 11 Geography Part 1 Chapter 5: Minerals and Rocks
Elements & Minerals
SL No. | Elements | By Weight(%) |
1. | Oxygen | 46.60 |
2. | Silicon | 27.72 |
3. | Aluminium | 8.13 |
4. | Iron | 5.00 |
5. | Calcium | 3.63 |
6. | Sodium | 2.83 |
7. | Potassium | 2.59 |
8. | Magnesium | 2.09 |
9. | Others | 1.41 |

Image of Elemnts and Mineralsof Minerals and Rocks
Image of Elemnts And Mineralsof Minerals And Rocks
Physical Characteristics
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External crystal form - arrangement
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Cleavage – tendency to break
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Fracture – irregular breaking of crystals
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Lustre – appearance – metallic, silky
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Color – due to impurities
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Streak – color of ground powder (malachite is green & has green streak, fluorite is purple or green but has white streak)
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Transparency – or translucent or opaque
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Structure – fine, medium or coarse
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Hardness – moh scale (1-talc and 10 is diamond)
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Specific gravity - ratio between the weight of a given object and weight of an equal volume of water
6 Basic Minerals

Image of 6 Basic Minerals of Minerals and Rocks
Image of 6 Basic Minerals of Minerals And Rocks
Minerals
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Metallic – metal
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Precious – gold, silver, platnium
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Ferrous – Iron mixed to form steel
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Non-ferrous – Cu, Pb, Zn, Sn, Al
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Non-Metallic – no metal, sulphur, phosphate and nitrate - cement
Rocks
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Aggregate of minerals
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Granite (hard), soapstone (soft)
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Gabbro (black), quartzite (white)
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Petrology – science of rocks
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Feldspar and Quartz are common rocks
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3 types – Igneous, Sedimentary & Metamorphic
Types of Rocks
Rock Cycle

Image of Rock Cycle for Minerals and Rocks
Image of Rock Cycle For Minerals And Rocks
-Manishika