NCERT Class 11 Geography Part 1 Chapter 5: Minerals and Rocks YouTube Lecture Handouts

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Elements & Minerals

Table of Elements and Minerals of Minerals and Rocks
Table of Elements And Minerals of Minerals And Rocks
SL No.	Elements	By Weight(%)
1.	Oxygen	46.60
2.	Silicon	27.72
3.	Aluminium	8.13
4.	Iron	5.00
5.	Calcium	3.63
6.	Sodium	2.83
7.	Potassium	2.59
8.	Magnesium	2.09
9.	Others	1.41

Image of Elemnts and Mineralsof Minerals and Rocks

Image of Elemnts And Mineralsof Minerals And Rocks

Physical Characteristics

External crystal form - arrangement
Cleavage – tendency to break
Fracture – irregular breaking of crystals
Lustre – appearance – metallic, silky
Color – due to impurities
Streak – color of ground powder (malachite is green & has green streak, fluorite is purple or green but has white streak)
Transparency – or translucent or opaque
Structure – fine, medium or coarse
Hardness – moh scale (1-talc and 10 is diamond)
Specific gravity - ratio between the weight of a given object and weight of an equal volume of water

6 Basic Minerals

Minerals

Metallic – metal
- Precious – gold, silver, platnium
- Ferrous – Iron mixed to form steel
- Non-ferrous – Cu, Pb, Zn, Sn, Al
Non-Metallic – no metal, sulphur, phosphate and nitrate - cement

Rocks

Aggregate of minerals
Granite (hard), soapstone (soft)
Gabbro (black), quartzite (white)
Petrology – science of rocks
Feldspar and Quartz are common rocks
3 types – Igneous, Sedimentary & Metamorphic

Types of Rocks

Rock Cycle

-Manishika