NCERT Class 11 Geography Part 1 Chapter 5: Minerals and Rocks YouTube Lecture Handouts

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Elements & Minerals

Physical Characteristics

• External crystal form - arrangement

• Cleavage – tendency to break

• Fracture – irregular breaking of crystals

• Lustre – appearance – metallic, silky

• Color – due to impurities

• Streak – color of ground powder (malachite is green & has green streak, fluorite is purple or green but has white streak)

• Transparency – or translucent or opaque

• Structure – fine, medium or coarse

• Hardness – moh scale (1-talc and 10 is diamond)

• Specific gravity - ratio between the weight of a given object and weight of an equal volume of water

6 Basic Minerals

Minerals

• Metallic – metal

  • Precious – gold, silver, platnium

  • Ferrous – Iron mixed to form steel

  • Non-ferrous – Cu, Pb, Zn, Sn, Al

• Non-Metallic – no metal, sulphur, phosphate and nitrate - cement

Rocks

• Aggregate of minerals

• Granite (hard), soapstone (soft)

• Gabbro (black), quartzite (white)

• Petrology – science of rocks

• Feldspar and Quartz are common rocks

• 3 types – Igneous, Sedimentary & Metamorphic

Types of Rocks

Rock Cycle

-Manishika