NCERT Class 8 Geography Chapter 5: Industries YouTube Lecture Handouts

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NCERT Class 8 Geography

Chapter 5: Industries

Industry

• Production of Goods – (Steel Industry)

• Extraction of Minerals – (Coal Mining)

• Provision for services – (Tourism)

• Emerging Industries: ‘Sunrise Industries’ – Information Technology, Wellness, Hospitality and Knowledge

Classification – Raw Material Based

• Agro Based

• Mineral Based

• Marine Based

• Forest Based

Classification –Based on Size

• Small Scale – Cottage / Household – Pottery, Basket Weaving

• Large Scale

Classification –Based on Ownership

• Private Sector

• Public Sector – Aviation

• Joint Sector – Maruti Udyog

• Cooperative Sector - owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both – Amul Dairy

Factors Affecting Location of Industry

Industrial Clusters

• Mumbai-Pune cluster

• Bangalore-Tamil Nadu region

• Hugli region

• Ahmedabad-Baroda region

• Chottanagpur industrial belt

• Vishakhapatnam-Guntur belt

• Gurgaon-Delhi-Meerut region

• Kollam-Thiruvananthapuram industrial cluster

• Bhopal Gas Tragedy: Methyl Isocyanate (MIC)

• Gao Qiao, Chongging, China – Gas Well Blowout

Iron & Steel Industry – as Feeder Industry

• Strengthen Steel by aluminum, nickel, and copper

• Backbone of modern industry

• Before 1800: Near RM, Power & Water

• Later: Near Coal fields & Railways

• After 1950s: Near Sea Ports

India & TISCO

• Bhilai, Durgapur, Burnpur, Jamshedpur, Rourkela, Bokaro: 4 states of West Bengal, Jharkhand, Orissa and Chhattisgarh

• Bhadravati and Vijay Nagar in Karnataka

• Vishakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh

• Salem in Tamil Nadu

• TISCO – Private – Jamshedpur - 1907 at Sakchi, near confluence of the rivers Subarnarekha and Kharkai in Jharkhand

• 32 km away from Kalimati station on the Bengal-Nagpur railway line

• Coal from Jharia coalfields

• Iron ore, limestone, dolomite and manganese from Orissa & Chhattisgarh

Pittsburgh

• Iron from Minnesota

• Great lakes Waterways

• Water by Ohio, Monogahela and Allegheny rivers

Fibre

• Natural fibres: Wool, silk, cotton, linen and jute

• Manmade fibres: Nylon, polyester, acrylic and rayon

• Cotton Textile: Oldest Industry, Wheels and Looms to Power Looms

• Muslins of Dhaka

• Chintzes of Masulipatnam

• Calicos of Calicut

• Gold-wrought cotton pieces of Burhanpur, Surat and Vadodara

• 1^st Modern Textile – Mumbai – 1854 – Warm Moist Climate, Port, RM & labour

Ahmedabad vs. Osaka

• Ahmedabad: Sabarmati River, 1^st in 1859; 2^nd largest after Mumbai, Manchester of India – Humid climate, land, labour, road & connectivity, export – non up gradation of machinery

• Osaka – Manchester of Japan – Yodo River, extensive plains, humid area, Cotton imported from Egypt, India, China and USA; export at low price and good quality

Information Technology

• Storage, processing and distribution of information

High Technology Industries - Group Together

• Located near main road/ highways for an easy access

• Firms can benefit from exchange of knowledge

• Efficient Services and facilities such as roads, car parks and waste disposal

-Manishika