Foundations of Mughal Empire Babur, Humayun, Sher Shah Suri YouTube Lecture Handouts Part 2
Get unlimited access to the best preparation resource for competitive exams : get questions, notes, tests, video lectures and more- for all subjects of your exam.
Foundations of Mughal Empire: Babur, Humayun, Sher Shah Suri|Medieval Indian History|ICSE Class 7
Sher Shah Suri (1540 - 1545)
- Son of jagirdar of Sasaram (Bihar) - originally named as Farid Khan
- Under employment with ruler of Bihar he killed Tiger and was called as Sher Khan
- Himself appointed soldiers and paid them personally
- Conquered Punjab, Sindh and Multan, Gwalior, Malwa, Rajasthan - Defeated Humayun twice got to throne at age of 67.
- In 1555 Humayun attacked again and captured Delhi and Agra β Afghan rule ended and Mughals were back to Power.
- 1539 β Sher Shah attacked Humayun in Chuasa and defeated his army β became ruler of Bengal and Bihar and assumed title Sher Shah
- Humayun became weak β Brother Kamran with 10,000 returned to Lahore but Humayun marched against Sher Shah again in 1540
- Humayun, Askari & Hindal fought valiantly but Humayun still lost the battle; Sher Shah occupied throne of Delhi
- Sher Shah Died in 1545 and Humayun came to power again as his successors were weak
- Humayun recovered throne on Delhi in 1555
Grand Trunk Road
Roads were arteries of Empire
Built Roads from Agra to Chittor & Lahore to Multan
- Grand Trunk Road from Peshwar to Sonargaon (Bengal)
- Liberal & Secular
- Worked for Hindus & Muslims
- 1700 Serais were built
- Trees were planted
- Roads & Postal System
- Father looks after the child
- Roads were arteries of Empire
- Built roads from Agra to Chittor & Lahore to Multan
Patta (Title Deed) & Qubuliat (Agreement)
- Large Army β Soldiers & salary in cash
- Dagh (revival of horses) & Chehra (descriptive roll of soldiers)
- Land revenue based on fertility
- Tax in cash or kind
- Revived Dagh (revival of horses) & Chehra (descriptive roll of soldiers) introduced by Alauddin Khijli
- Sher Shah had efficient infantry, cavalry and artillery wings
- Share of government at th of produce
- Strict in revenue collection but liberal when loans were given in drought or floods
- Patta and qubuliat mentioned land holding and amount of revenue paid by peasants
Introduced Rupia β Silver Coin (Rupee- India, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Mauritius and Seychelles)
- Purana Qila with Qila-i-Kuhna Masjid
- Own Mausoleum at Sasaram, Bihar
- Fort at Rohtasgarh
- Silver coin rupia is the precursor of Rupee
- Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Mauritius and Seychelles have Rupee
- Source of revenue was land and trade
Administration under Sher Shah Suri
- Empire divided into 47 sarkars
- Shiqdar (law and order)
- Munsif (revenue)
- Sher Shah Died in 1545 and Humayun came to power again as his successors were weak
- He recovered throne on Delhi in 1555
- Accidental fall from staircase of library in 1556 led to his death
- His Sister Gulbadan Begum wrote biography of Humayun as Humayunama
β Manishika