Foundations of Mughal Empire Babur, Humayun, Sher Shah Suri YouTube Lecture Handouts Part 2

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Foundations of Mughal Empire: Babur, Humayun, Sher Shah Suri|Medieval Indian History|ICSE Class 7

Sher Shah Suri (1540 - 1545)

Illustration: Sher Shah Suri (1540 - 1545)
  • Son of jagirdar of Sasaram (Bihar) - originally named as Farid Khan
  • Under employment with ruler of Bihar he killed Tiger and was called as Sher Khan
  • Himself appointed soldiers and paid them personally
  • Conquered Punjab, Sindh and Multan, Gwalior, Malwa, Rajasthan - Defeated Humayun twice got to throne at age of 67.
  • In 1555 Humayun attacked again and captured Delhi and Agra – Afghan rule ended and Mughals were back to Power.
  • 1539 – Sher Shah attacked Humayun in Chuasa and defeated his army – became ruler of Bengal and Bihar and assumed title Sher Shah
  • Humayun became weak – Brother Kamran with 10,000 returned to Lahore but Humayun marched against Sher Shah again in 1540
  • Humayun, Askari & Hindal fought valiantly but Humayun still lost the battle; Sher Shah occupied throne of Delhi
  • Sher Shah Died in 1545 and Humayun came to power again as his successors were weak
  • Humayun recovered throne on Delhi in 1555

Grand Trunk Road

Illustration: Grand Trunk Road

Roads were arteries of Empire

Built Roads from Agra to Chittor & Lahore to Multan

  • Grand Trunk Road from Peshwar to Sonargaon (Bengal)
  • Liberal & Secular
  • Worked for Hindus & Muslims
  • 1700 Serais were built
  • Trees were planted
  • Roads & Postal System
  • Father looks after the child
  • Roads were arteries of Empire
  • Built roads from Agra to Chittor & Lahore to Multan

Patta (Title Deed) & Qubuliat (Agreement)

  • Large Army – Soldiers & salary in cash
  • Dagh (revival of horses) & Chehra (descriptive roll of soldiers)
  • Land revenue based on fertility
  • Tax in cash or kind
  • Revived Dagh (revival of horses) & Chehra (descriptive roll of soldiers) introduced by Alauddin Khijli
  • Sher Shah had efficient infantry, cavalry and artillery wings
  • Share of government at th of produce
  • Strict in revenue collection but liberal when loans were given in drought or floods
  • Patta and qubuliat mentioned land holding and amount of revenue paid by peasants

Introduced Rupia – Silver Coin (Rupee- India, Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Mauritius and Seychelles)

  • Purana Qila with Qila-i-Kuhna Masjid
  • Own Mausoleum at Sasaram, Bihar
  • Fort at Rohtasgarh
  • Silver coin rupia is the precursor of Rupee
  • Pakistan, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Mauritius and Seychelles have Rupee
  • Source of revenue was land and trade

Administration under Sher Shah Suri

  • Empire divided into 47 sarkars
  • Shiqdar (law and order)
  • Munsif (revenue)
Illustration: Administration under Sher Shah Suri
  • Sher Shah Died in 1545 and Humayun came to power again as his successors were weak
  • He recovered throne on Delhi in 1555
  • Accidental fall from staircase of library in 1556 led to his death
  • His Sister Gulbadan Begum wrote biography of Humayun as Humayunama

✍ Manishika