Indus Valley Civilization-Internal Trade and Sources
OTHER SITES
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These include Bara in Ropar, Sanghol in Ludhiana, Dabar-kot in Baluchistan, Kuntasi in Gujarat, Mithathal, Jhalipur and Sarai khola.
| SITES | LOCATION |
| Harappa Mahenjodaro Lothal Kalibangan Chanhudaro Suktagendor Banawali Kot Diji Ropar Alamgirpur Balakot Allahdino Desalpur Rojdi Manda Daimabad | Ravi Indus Bhogwa Ghaggar Indus Arabian Sea Saraswati Indus Sutlej Hindan Coastal Indus (coast) Bhadar Bhadar Chenab Pravara |
INTERNAL TRADE Limestone:
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Rohri and Sukkur (Sindh, Pakistan)
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Silver: Afghanistan or Iran.
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Copper: Khetri in Rajasthan.
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Lead: East or South India.
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Lapis Lazuli: Badakshan in North-East Afghanistan.
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Turquoise: Central Asia or Iran
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Alabaster: Shahar-i-Sokta.
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Jade: Central Asia
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Agate, Chalcedony, Carnelian: Saurashtra.
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Gold: Mysore.
SOURCES
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Excavations conducted by Sir John Marshall and Sir Mortimer Wheeler.
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By now over thousand settlements bearing Harappan material has been discovered.
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By the middle of the 4th millennium B. C, the Indus alluvial plains became the focal point of change and many small and large settlements came into existence on the banks of the rivers Indus and Ghaggar.
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The region formed the core region of the Harappan civilization and included sites such as Amri, Kot Diji, Mehrgarh, Rahman Dheri, Tarkari Qila, Bahawalpur and Kalibangan and some other sites in Punjab. The civilization emerged as a result of the processes of tech-nological and ideological unification.
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The increasingly efficient technology and the exploitation of the fertile plains of the Indus must have given richer returns of grain production. At the time of the emergence of the Harappan civilization many sites like Kot Diji and Kalibangan were destroyed by fire due to accidental conflagrations.
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This might have resulted from clashes between various agricultural groups and pastoral nomadic communities for control over land and animal resources.