Notes on Classical Music Hindustani and Carnatic for NET, IAS, State-SET (KSET, WBSET, MPSET, etc.), GATE, CUET, Olympiads etc.
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Classical Music
Sub Styles under Hindustani Classical
- Dhrupada
- Khayal
- Dhammar
- Thumri
- Tarana
- tappa
(1) Dhrupad
- Mother of all sub styles.
- Vedic origin
- Developed in temples
- Pronouncing mantras in proper tone
- Performance of dhrupad-aalap and Bandish
- Systematic arrangements of musical parts
- Theme Religion, philosophy, devotion, celebration of seasons
- Promoted by Rja Mansingh Tomar of Gwalior
- Akbar also made it popular through Haridas, Tansen and Baiju Bawra
4 Gharanas under Dhrupad Style
- Dagar Gharana
- Also known as Jaipur gharana
- Related to Dagri Bani
- Gundecha brothers, Haridas, Behram Khan
- Darbhanga Gharana
- Bihar
- Related to gauhar bani
- Founder-kartaram
- Malik family
- Betiah Gharana
- bihar
- Related to Khandar bani
- Hyder khan
- Talwandi gharana
- Punjab
- Related to Nauhari bani
(2) Khayal
- Khayal means an idea, thought or imagination
- More free and flowery
- Theme divine love, separation of lovers, pranks of lord Krishna
- Lyrics ornamental
- More words are used
- Use of taan tempo
- Performance of khayal on the base of tempo
- Bada khayal
- Chhota khayal
4 Ghranas under Khayal Style
- Gwalior gharana
- Oldest
- Vishnu palushkar-famous song-raghupati raghav raja ram
- Kirana gharana
- Kurukshetra, Haryana
- Pt. Bheemsen Joshi, Gangubai
- Patiala gharana
- Rhythm is important
- Focus on emotions
- Founder-ustad bade gulam ali khan
- Begum Akhtar, Naina devi
- Agra Gharana
- Also known as Rangeela Gharana
- Importance of raga
- Vijay Kichlu, C. R. vyas
(3) Dhammar Style
- Dhammar taal
- beats irregular beat
- More freedom
- Theme erotic, Krishna, festsivals etc.
(4) Thumri Style
- Mixed ragas
- Use of light and romantic words
- Theme-romantic
- Songs sung in BRAJ BHASHA
- 2 types
- Purbi thumri
- Punjabi thumri
(5) Tarana Style
- Rhythm is important
- No meaning words
- Fast tempo
- Emphasis on producing rhythm
- Requires specialization and skill for rythemic manipulation
(6) Tappa Style
- Punjab
- Initially sug by camel drivers of north-west
- Very quick phrases are used.
- Short taan, without much elaboration
- The style is getting extinct.
- Artist Miyah Sodi