Life Sciences Glossary: Bacterial Diseases and Their Pathogens
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Bacterial Diseases and Their Pathogens
Disease | Pathogen |
---|---|
Scarlet fever | Streptococcus Pyogenic |
Gonorrhea | Neisseria gonorrhea |
Meningitis | Neisseria meningitides |
Anthrax | Bacillus anthraces |
Tetanus | Clostridium tetanic |
Botulism | Clostridium botulin |
Gas gangrene | Clostridium perigees |
Typhoid fever | Salmonella tophi |
Cholera | Vibrio cholera |
Bubonic plague | Yersinia pasties |
Whooping cough | cordately pertussis |
Diphtheria | Corynebacterium diphtheria |
Tuberculosis | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
Leprosy | Mycobacterium laree |
Syphilis | Treponema palladium |
Pneumonia (Pneumococcal) | Streptococcus Pneumonia |
Bacterial dysentery (Shigellosis) | Sheila sonnet |
Typhus fever | Rickettsia Prowazekii |
Q fever | Coxiella burnet |
Trench fever | Rochalimaea Quintana |
Trachoma | Chlamydia trachomatis |
Rocky Mountain | Rickettsia Spotted fever |
Pertussis (Whooping Cough)
- Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is primarily a disease of children.
- Pertussis is caused by Bordet Ella pertussis, a small Gram- negative rod.
- Whooping cough, affecting upper respiratory tract, begins with a mild fever and an irritating cough with the characteristic ‘Whoop’ (loud, crowing inspiration) .
- As with diphtheria and tetanus, the immunization for this disease is done with the use of DPT vaccine.
- Whooping cough is spread through droplet infection and direct contact.
Diphtheria
- Diphtheria is a respiratory disease common in children caused by Corynebacterium diphtheria, a Gram- positive bacillus.
- Diphtheria disease affects the throat and its main symptom is suffocation.
- Diphtheria is disease characterized by oozing of semisolid material in throat forming a touch membrane.
- Diphtheria is highly infectious and spreads through droplet infection and contact.
- Immunity or susceptibility of diphtheria is determined by performing the Schick test.
Tuberculosis
- Tuberculosis Bacilli (TB) is a bacterial disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- TB is one of the most common communicable diseases in the world.
- Tuberculosis continues to be a serious infections disease in India; nearly 2 out of 5 cases in the world are found in India.
- Tuberculosis bacterial invade bones, joints, eyes, lymph nodes, kidneys, larynx, skin, even the brain
- Lungs are the most favorite site of infection; in children, TB of the spine is known as pot՚s disease.
- TB is spread by droplet infection through coughing, sneezing, talking and spitting.
- BCG (Bacilli Chalmette Guerin) is a vaccine meant for protection against tuberculosis.
- Monteux test is performed to determine susceptibility of tuberculosis.
Leprosy (Hansen՚s Disease)
- The agent of leprosy is Mycobacterium laree; first observed by the Norwegian physician Gerhard Armature Hansen in 1874.
- Leprosy is a chronic infection of the skin and other tissues including nerves.
- The usual symptoms of leprosy are ulcers, nodules, scales, deformities or fingers and toes and wasting of body parts.
- Susceptibility to leprosy is highest among infants and infection requires prolonged, close contact with an infected individual.
Syphilis
- Syphilis is one of the most familiar venereal diseases (VD) or sexually transmitted diseases.
- Syphilis is commonly known as ‘French disease’ or ‘French pox’ caused by a spirochete, Treponema palladium.
- The pathogen penetrates broken skin or mucous membranes in the genitalia, rectum or mouth during sexual intercourse.
- Infection may also be acquired by. Kissing or by other intimate bodily contact with an infected person.
- Syphilis affects numerous parts of the body like meninges, bones, liver, kidneys, eyes, teeth, etc.
- The patients of syphilis develop characteristic points, on teeth called Hutchison՚s teeth .
Serological tests for early diagnosis of syphilis are:
- TPI (Treponema palladium immobilization test) . VDRL (Venereal diseases research laboratory test)
- FTA- ABS (Fluorescent treponemal antibody test) and Wassermann test.
- Congenital syphilis is transmitted from mothers to new – born babies.
Pneumonia Most Cases of Pneumonia Are Caused by Viruses or Bacterial Resulting in the Inflammation of Lungs
- The most common bacterial pneumonia is pneumococcal pneumonia caused by Streptococcus pneumonia.
- Other types of bacterial pneumonia are caused by- Hemophilic influenza, Legionella pneumophile and Staphylococcus aureus.
- Symptoms of pneumonia include fever, chills, shortness of breath and cough that produces yellow- green sputum and occasionally blood.
Bacterial Dysentery (Shigellosis)
- Bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Sheila spy, Campylobacter and Salmonella cause diarrheal diseases.
- Common intestinal bacterium of humans is Escherichia coli.
- Bacillary dysentery is caused by Sheila, including Sh. Sonnies, Sh. Dysenteries, Sh. Flexner and Sh. Bordia.